@article{IJAERT-24-002, title = {Development of an IoT-Based Water Quality Monitoring System with Focus on Electrical Conductivity}, author = {SADIKU, I. B, AINA, O. A, ONALAJA. O. O, IDOWU-AGIDA E. O. and SULEIMAN A. O.}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/IJAERT_24_002.pdf}, issn = {2545-5931}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-07-23}, journal = {International Journal of Academy of Engineering Research and Theory}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, issue = {1}, pages = {5 - 8}, abstract = {Water, a vital natural resource, is indispensable for sustaining life on Earth. However, rapid societal development and human activities have led to contamination and depletion of water resources, necessitating effective water quality monitoring systems. This article proposes an Internet of Things (IoT)-based approach for real-time monitoring of water quality parameters, with a specific focus on electrical conductivity (EC). Traditional methods of water quality assessment involve manual sampling and laboratory testing, which are time-consuming and often lack real-time data. The proposed system integrates a microcontroller, electrical conductivity sensor, and web tools to monitor EC levels in various water sources (Surface Water, Well Water, Factory Treated Water). The study discusses the development and testing of the IoT-based system, highlighting its potential applications in diverse sectors such as pharmaceuticals, drinking water production, and food processing. Additionally, recommendations for further research and implications for water management are discussed. Keywords: Water, Monitoring, IoT, Electrical, Conductivity, Microcontroller, Sensor, Real-time}, keywords = {IJAERT}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJAERT_24_001, title = {Curtailing Room Temperature to Ambient Temperature: Impact on Environment, Energy Consumption, and Personal Comfort}, author = {SADIKU, I. B, AINA, O. A, ONALAJA. O. O., ODUYALE, J A, IDOWU-AGIDA E. O and AYENI, I. O.}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/IJAERT_24_001.pdf}, issn = {2545-5931}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-07-23}, urldate = {2024-07-23}, journal = {International Journal of Academy of Engineering Research and Theory}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, issue = {1}, pages = {1 - 4}, abstract = {Curtailing room temperature to ambient temperature has a significant impact on our environment, energy consumption, and personal comfort. Ambient temperature could be defined as the temperature of the surrounding area or the external environment. By reducing room temperature to match the ambient temperature, the use of artificial cooling or heating systems, such as air conditioners or heaters can be minimized. The research developed an automated system using an ESP8266 Microcontroller, DHT11 Temperature Sensor, 5V Relay Module, Fan, and Power Supply to control room temperature by comparing room and ambient temperatures and adjusting fan operation accordingly for energy conservation, environmental, economic, and comfort-related benefits of aligning room temperature with ambient temperature. Room temperatures were highest in R1 (three users) at 34.33°C (PM) and 34.25°C (AM), indicating user presence maintains heat. R2 (two users) had slightly lower temperatures at 33.81°C (PM) and 33.33°C (AM), showing fewer users generate less heat. R3 (no users) showed significantly lower temperatures at 26.87°C (PM) and 26.35°C (AM), highlighting that absence of users leads to lower heat accumulation. ANOVA results show a significant effect of room conditions on temperature but no significant effect of the time of day. The Duncan Multiple Range Test indicates notable differences between room temperatures, affirming that user presence is a dominant factor in temperature variation. Key Words: Environment, Energy, Consumption, Personal, Comfort.}, keywords = {IJAERT}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJARI2401006, title = {MEDIA OWNERSHIP AND ETHICAL STANDARDS COMPLIANCE IN OGTV AND ROCK CITY FM, ABEOKUTA}, author = {Arowosegbe, Ajimot Adefunke, Sotayo-Aro Rauf Olatunji, Ojuroye Abiola Oluwatobiloba and Gbadebo Omodolapo Aminat}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/IJARI-24-01-006.pdf}, issn = {2545 – 5214}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-06-30}, journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation}, volume = {4}, issue = {1}, pages = {33 - 39}, abstract = {Abstract This study examined media ownership and ethical standard compliance in OGTV and Rock city FM, Abeokuta. Source credibility theory was considered as theoretical framework to explain the relationship between broadcast ownership and ethical standard compliance within the stations. The study adopted in-depth survey design using key informant interview (KII) guide as the instruments. A sample of core management staff from OGTV and Rock city FM was selected. Data were analysed qualitatively. Findings of the study established that OGTVand Rock city FM based their programming policy for public good and interest as affirmed by Key informant interviewees. It was evidenced from the KIIs’ submission that the two stations to a greater extent complied with NBC’s code of ethics. It was also disclosed by the KII that the major challenges facing the stations generally were lack of adequate funding and required digital broadcast facilities as recommended by NBC. The study came to the conclusion that staff performance in both stations was impacted by ownership structure, control, which influence an iota of non-compliance with ethical standard. Keywords: Media ownership, Broadcast stations, Ethical Standard Compliance. }, keywords = {IJARI}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJARI2401004, title = {MARKETING PLANNING STRATEGY AND BUSINESS PERFORMANCE}, author = {BANJO Julius Olumuyiwa, MUSARI Adedayo Akeem FATUASE Olufunmilola Adesola and AWONIYI Modupe Itunu}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/IJARI-24-01-004.pdf}, issn = {2545 – 5214}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-06-29}, urldate = {2024-06-28}, journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation}, volume = {4}, issue = {1}, pages = {21 - 28}, abstract = {This study examines the effect of marketing planning strategy on business performance using ACCESS bank PLC, Sagamu, Ogun State, Nigeria. The sampling method adopted in this study was Systematic random sampling. The study selects one hundred using purposively sampling technique. For the purpose of this research work, the total population of the study was 150 which encompass the staff and customers of the bank. The research methodology adopt include simple percentage and Hypotheses were tested using the Chi-square formula. The study's findings led to several key discoveries which include the following among others: planning strategies significantly enhance organizational efficiency at Access Bank Plc, Sagamu. Promotional strategies boost market share, while pricing strategies directly influence sales volume. In addition to this, the bank employs an Offensive planning strategy, a Market segmentation product strategy, an Intensive distribution strategy, a public relations promotional strategy, and a Psychological pricing strategy. Based on these discoveries, the study recommended that the bank should continually embrace product development strategies, which provide a framework for creating new products or improving the performance, cost, or quality of existing ones. Keywords: Marketing, planning strategy, business performance and organizational efficiency.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJARI2401003, title = {RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MEDIA FRAMING OF SEXISM AND MARRIAGE STABILITY AMONG EDUCATED COUPLE IN ABEOKUTA METROPOLIS}, author = {Arowosegbe Adefunke Ajimot, Sotayo-Aro Rauf Olatunji and Eleyowo Israel Olusegun}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/IJARI-24-01-003.pdf}, issn = {2545 – 5214}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-06-24}, urldate = {2024-06-24}, journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation}, volume = {4}, issue = {1}, pages = {14 - 20}, abstract = {The issue of sexism in media has been a persistent concern, with numerous studies highlighting how media portrayals can reinforce gender stereotypes and biases. However, the specific impact of media framing of sexism on marriage stability, particularly among educated couples remains underexplored. Hence, this study examine relationship between media framing of sexism and marriage stability among educated couples in Abeokuta, metropolis. The general objective of the study was to ascertain likely significant relationship between the media framing of sexism and marriage stability among educated couples. The study employed survey research method while 400 educated couples with tertiary to post-graduate educational backgrounds within Abeokuta metropolis covering four local governments were selected as sample size through cluster sampling. A self-administered questionnaire was used to generate data. Inferential statistics was used to analyzed data gathered. Findings showed significant difference exist between sexist media content and traditional gender roles as the (t-cal.=32.3) which is greater than t-critical (t-crit.=1.96) with mean difference of (M=2.29)of sexist media content and traditional gender roles(M=1.77). The result also revealed that significant moderation of the level of media literacy on media framing of sexism and marriage stability based (t-cal. =32.03) which is greater than (t-crit.=1.90) with mean difference (M=2.29) of media framing of sexism and marriage stability (M=2.20).The study concluded that media framing of sexism significantly contributes to reinforcing traditional gender roles, which can lead to conflicts and reduced stability in marriages which further validate the significant relationship that exist between exposure to sexist media content and the perceptions of traditional gender roles among educated couples. Based on the findings it was recommended that there should be continuous public awareness campaigns aimed at promoting gender equality and challenging traditional gender roles. Keywords: Media, Framing, Sexism, Marriage, Stability, Educated, Couples. }, keywords = {IJARI}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJARI2401002, title = {Investigating the Impact of Field Capacity and Aeration Methods on Plant Growth: A Linear Model Analysis}, author = {SADIKU, I. B, OYEKUNLE O. O, IDOWU-AGIDA, E. O and ADEGBESAN, A. S}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/IJARI-24-01-002.pdf}, issn = {2545 – 5214}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-06-21}, urldate = {2024-06-21}, journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation }, volume = {4}, issue = {1}, pages = {9 - 13}, abstract = {The implementation of effective irrigation and aeration techniques is vital in enhancing plant growth and striving towards optimal crop yields. This study examines the effects of varying field capacities (FC) and two distinct aeration methods on plant growth (Africa-spinach - Amaranth cruentus). The experiment aimed to investigate the effects of different field capacity levels (100% FC, 75% FC, 65% FC, and 55% FC) and aeration methods (air injected into irrigated soil and air injected into irrigation water) on plant growth. Several growth parameters, including Shoot fresh weight, number of leaves at various weeks after planting, and plant height, were measured to assess development. Linear regression model was employed to quantify the relationships between these factors and their impact on plant growth. Field capacity and water use efficiency significantly increase Shoot fresh weight, while the aeration methods show marginal effects. The study finds that field capacity and water use efficiency are key factors influencing Shoot fresh weight, while aeration methods have a less significant impact on growth. Correlation matrix reveals that SFW water use efficiency is strongly positively correlated with Shoot fresh weight, indicating its crucial role in optimizing plant growth, while other variables show weaker correlations, underscoring the complexity of factors influencing growth. Keywords: Plant, Growth, Irrigation, Techniques, Aeration, Weight, Regression, Model}, keywords = {IJARI}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJARI2401001, title = {ADVERTISING, DIGITAL MARKETING AND BRAND PREFERENCE OF BEVERAGES: A STUDY OF CADBURY NIG PLC}, author = {BANJO Julius Olumuyiwa, FATUASE Olufunmilola Adesola and MUSARI Adedayo Akeem}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/IJARI-24-01-001.pdf}, issn = {2545 – 5214}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-06-10}, urldate = {2024-06-10}, journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation}, volume = {4}, issue = {1}, pages = {1-8}, abstract = {This study investigates the impact of Advertisement and Digital Marketing on Consumer Preference, focusing on Cadbury Nigeria Plc. Utilizing regression analysis, the research examines how these independent variables influence consumer attitudes and preferences toward the brand. The analysis reveals that both Advertisement and Digital Marketing have significant positive effects on Consumer Preference, with coefficients of 0.452 and 0.378, respectively. The model explains approximately 39.9% of the variance in Consumer Preference, as indicated by an R-squared value of 0.399, with an adjusted R-squared of 0.380. These findings suggest that increased investment in both advertising and digital marketing can enhance consumer preference and contribute to improved brand performance. Recommendations include boosting advertising expenditures, enhancing digital marketing efforts, and integrating marketing strategies to achieve a comprehensive impact on consumer preference. Keywords: Advertisement, Digital, Marketing, Consumer, Preference, Brand, Performance.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJARI-24-01-005, title = {A LEXICO-SEMANTIC ANALYSIS OF GEORGE HERBERT’S ‘EASTER WINGS’}, author = {Osinaike Funmilola Omolara, Adetutu Olusola and Oladipo Micheal Mofeoluwa}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/09/IJARI-24-01-005.pdf}, issn = {ISSN: 2545 5214}, year = {2024}, date = {2024-06-07}, journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation}, volume = {4}, issue = {1}, pages = {29 - 32}, abstract = {Abstract: The issue of sexism in media has been a persistent concern, with numerous studies highlighting how media portrayals can This paper examines a linguistic study of George Herbert’s employed ‘Easter Wings’. It reveals the peculiarities of the style of the poem. The graphological feature was discovered to be prominently foregrounded, and this has an input into the other features in conveying the message of the poem. The poem is religious, within the literary genre of poetry, and different linguistic choices have been used to define the lexico-semantic and graphological features of the poem. The theory adopted shows that style is a choice and a deviation from the norm. This opens to the monists’ view that style is inseparable from the content, and thus, there is relationship between the message and the medium. The poem which is shaped into wings, distinguishes and also contributes to the content and the title of the poem. Keywords: Poem, Lexico-Semantic, George Herbert, linguistic, Style, Content.. }, keywords = {IJARI}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJARI2301003, title = {Human Capital Development and Data Literacy Skills of Cloud Computing Services by Administrators of ICT Polytechnics in Ogun State, Nigeria}, author = {TUNMIBI, Sunday and AKAH, Oluseyi Augustina}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IJARI-23-01-003.pdf}, issn = {2545 – 5214}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-09-14}, urldate = {2023-09-14}, journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation}, volume = {3}, issue = {1}, pages = {11 - 16}, abstract = {Cloud computing service provide easier and quicker information retrieval and discovery, allow students to store and share documents, offer a more flexible environment by enabling ubiquitous access to materials, and facilitate interaction among students and instructors. However, it is worthy of note that administrators of ICT Polytechnics in Ogun State, Nigeria have been battling with problems of poor technological advancement and implementation due to ineffective staff training and poor data literacy skills. This prompted this study to investigate Human Capital Development and Data Literacy Skills of the Quality of Cloud Computing Services among Administrators in ICT Polytechnics in Ogun State, Nigeria. The descriptive and cross-sectional survey design methods were adopted in this study. The population of the study was 186 administrators of ICT Polytechnics in Ogun State, Nigeria. The study adopted a structured questionnaire. Validity of the instrument was carried out by supervisor and other professionals in the field. The reliability test of the questionnaire was 0.904 Cronbach Alpha coefficient. A total of 186 copies of questionnaires were administered and 126 was recovered which represent 67.7% response rate. Descriptive and inferential statistics was used in data analysis. Findings revealed that the human capital development and data literacy skills have positive and significant influence on the quality of cloud computing services of administrators in ICT Polytechnics, Ogun State, Nigeria (Adj. R2 = 0.560, F(2, 123) = 80.694, p < 0.05). This study concluded that human capital development and data literacy skills influence the quality of cloud computing services among administrators of ICT Polytechnics in Ogun State, Nigeria. Administrators in ICT Polytechnics should continually improve on the quality of cloud computing services provided. Keywords: Cloud Computing Service, Administrators, Human Capital Development, Data Literacy Skills.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJACIE23-01-001, title = {OVERVIEW AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF ROAD ACCIDENT IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA}, author = {ELEYOWO ISRAEL OLUSEGUN; SOTONWA OLAWALE EMMANUEL; OGUNTUNASE IBUKUN ADEOLA; IBIKUNLE OLAJIDE}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/IJACIE-23-01-001.pdf}, issn = {2550-7192}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-06-01}, journal = {International Journal of Advances in Civil and Infrastructure Engineering}, volume = {2}, issue = {1}, pages = {1-5}, abstract = {The research design used for this study was the descriptive research design. The secondary data includes information obtained through the review of literature that is journals, monographs, textbooks and other periodicals. In order to determine the reliability and validity of the study, the test-retest method was used. To have a valid instrument, the questions in the questionnaire were free from ambiguity (i.e the questions will not be too complex). To have reliable instrument, the questionnaire were followed with interview of sample of respondents to know whether their view on the subject. Suggestions were made to reduce and or prevent traffic accident occurrence in the country. Key Word: Road Accident, Transportation, Traffic, Causes, Suggestions}, keywords = {IJACIE}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJPAAR2301002, title = {SMALL SCALE AGRO-PROCESSING OF PALM OIL IN NIGERIA- WAY FORWARD }, author = {SOTONWA, OLAWALE EMMANUEL, ELEYOWO, ISRAEL OLUSEGUN, IBIKUNLE, OLAJIDE AND OGUNTUNASE, IBUKUN ADEOLA}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/IJPAAR-23-01-002.pdf}, issn = {2545-5923}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-06-01}, journal = {International Journal of Petrochemical and Agro-Allied Research}, volume = {2}, issue = {1}, pages = {11-16}, abstract = {The primitive extraction procedures of palm oil are still in use in the village today. In order to increase palm oil production, small scale oil production should be encouraged, which has the added benefit of providing an additional source of employment. Modern processing of oil palm fruit bunches into edible oil is practiced using various methods, which may be grouped into four categories according to their degree of complexity. In order to preliminarily find out the acceptability/ profitability or dispositions towards the small scale agro processing of palm oil traditionally, questionnaires were designed and administered. The various results and responses obtained are hereby presented in tabular and chart forms. The questionnaire starts with demographic questions, finding age, gender and marital status. The response shows that 35 percent of those who participated were male while 65 percent are female. Key Words: Palm Oil, Processing, Small Scale, Mechanization, Extraction}, keywords = {IJPAAR}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJAMARD23-01-002, title = {TACTICS OF ECO-FRIENDLY PACKAGING ON MARKETING SUSTAINABILITY OF DISTILLABLE PRODUCTS (A CASE STUDY OF INTERCONTINENTAL DISTILLERS LIMITED, IKEJA, LAGOS, NIGERIA)}, author = {MUSARI ADEDAYO AKEEM; ELEYOWO ISRAEL OLUSEGUN}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/IJAMARD-23-01-002.pdf}, issn = {2545-5354}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-04-01}, journal = {International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Academic Research and Development }, volume = {2}, issue = {1}, pages = {9-16}, abstract = {Most manufacturing organization set various eco-friendly packaging for the sales of their products. In managing the eco-friendly packaging of product which is part of company’s eco-friendly packaging, management must first of all decide on its eco-friendly packaging goal, policy and strategy about a given product to satisfy consumers, efficient eco-friendly packaging of goods and services which is often a critical factor in successful operation of any business enterprise. The most common mistake is that eco-friendly packaging is too cost oriented, it is not revised often enough to capitalize on market changes, it is also set independent of the rest of the eco-friendly packaging other then as an interior element of market positioning strategy and tactics of marketing is not varied enough to different product item. This research work used information or data obtained from both the primary and secondary source of data. The study population encompassed 200 which comprises of 60 Top level managers and 140 middle level manager of Intercontinental Distiller Nig. Ltd. Nigeria Plc, Ikeja branch, Lagos State .The probability sampling method were adopted in this study with the aid of Simple random sampling. The sample size in this research work was obtained using Taro Yamane formula. Based on the findings of this research work it was observed that eco-friendly packaging is the tactic that company use to increase sales and maximize profits by selling their goods and services for appropriate tactics of marketing. This strategy takes into account the cost of the product as well as labor, advertising expenses, competitive mix, trade margins, and the overall market conditions to determine the sale tactics of marketing. Eco-friendly packaging is a vital element in an organization marketing strategy. It interacts with each other variables of the eco-friendly packaging in order to dictate the effectiveness of the market mix variable. Key Words: Packaging, Marketing, Tactic, Eco-friendly, Business, Economy}, keywords = {IJAMARD}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJAMARD_23_01_001, title = {THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOCIAL MEDIA AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCES OF ICT POLYTECHNIC STUDENTS (A CASE STUDY OF GATEWAY (ICT) POLYTECHNIC SAAPADE, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA)}, author = {IBIKUNLE OLAJIDE; OGUNTUNASE IBUKUN ADEOLA; SOTONWA OLAWALE EMMANUEL; ELEYOWO ISRAEL OLUSEGUN}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/IJAMARD-23-01-001.pdf}, issn = {2545-5354}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-03-01}, journal = {International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Academic Research and Development }, volume = {2}, issue = {1}, pages = {1-8}, abstract = {The use of social media has tripled over the past three years, and more than 47 million Nigeria are using social networks, according to the Nigeria Center of Statistics. In this study, the data was collected using a method of survey questionnaire which was distributed among students using printed Form. In this research, convenience sampling technique was used to select the Gateway polytechnic students and hundred students fully completed questionnaires. It was observed in this study that the student use the internet for academic purpose. In the research, most of the students use internet for assignment while others use it for other activities. They also use the internet to reach out to their family and friends, and use it to learn more about life. And also social network have good effect on their grades performance. Key Words: Social Network, Academic Performance, Institution, Students}, keywords = {IJAMARD}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJPAAR2301001, title = {CORRELATION BETWEEN CAPITAL STRUCTURE AND OPERATING EFFICIENCYOF LISTED NIGERIAN OIL AND GAS INDUSTRIES}, author = {OGUNTUNASE IBUKUN ADEOLA; ELEYOWO ISRAEL OLUSEGUN; BIKUNLE OLAJIDE; SOTONWA OLAWALE EMMANUEL}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/IJPAAR-23-01-001.pdf}, issn = {2545-5923}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-01-20}, journal = {International Journal of Petrochemical and Agro-Allied Research}, volume = {2}, issue = {1}, pages = {1-10}, abstract = {The exact combination of leverage utilized to fund a company's assets and activities is referred to as its capital structure. Equity is a much costlier, long-term form of financing with greater financial flexibility from a company standpoint. Borrowing, on the other hand, is a less costly source of capital with a limited term, which legally obliges the company to commit to fixed, promised outflows of funds. These financial choices, that could be influenced by capital structure policies as well as goals established by management and the board of directors, determine a company's capital structure. The sample size is drawn from eight listed oil and gas marketing and producing companies in Nigeria. The ordinary least square method (OLS) of multiple regressions was utilized in this study. The data was then analyzed using econometric tools like multiple regressions to ascertain the impact of capital structure on performance of listed oil and gas companies in Nigeria.It was discovered that all oil and gas firms fund their operations with more debt rather than equity because of the huge capital outlay involved. Additionally, it was discovered that STD, LTD, TDE, and INC had a positive but insignificant impact on Nigeria's quoted oil firms' performance. The study's findings recommend adding more factors to the model when assessing how capital structure affects company performance. Key Words: Oil, Gas, Capital, Efficiency, Investment.}, keywords = {IJPAAR}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJAERT-23-001, title = {DEDICATED MILITARY SATELLITE MODEL AND REQUIREMENTS FOR NIGERIA}, author = {AFOLAYAN Andrew Olumide and OLOWOFILA Inioluwa Oladipupo}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IJAERT-23-001.pdf}, issn = {2545-5931}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-01-03}, urldate = {2023-01-03}, journal = {International Journal of Academy of Engineering Research and Theory}, volume = {2}, issue = {1}, pages = {1 - 5}, abstract = {Information and communications technologies are now integral to the conduct of military operations. Forces around the world are committing to constant technological innovation, especially since the attacks of September 11, 2001 (9/11), and the subsequent War on Terror. Robust satellite communications are important to achieving decision superiority, timely response and precision by the military. This is what is required by the military at this time of serious security threat confronting the nation from within and outside the country to wriggle out of the present security challenges. Information coordination that is made available and accessible to all command involved in a theater of operation is key to a successful operation. Consolidating the military strength under a dedicated satellite will be a new path to having interconnectivity and coordination of military powers and resources at any location responding to centralized command and control as well as information sharing across the globe. To achieve this, there is need to leverage both mature and emerging space technologies such as optical and laser communications technologies, dedicated military satellite, constellations of miniaturized satellite so as to overcome dependence on resource-intensive, limited coverage area, and increasingly vulnerable application of line of sight radio communication. This paper proposes what a dedicated military satellite for our nation should composed of with other possible mature and emerging technologies to confront the security challenges that have bedeviled the nation Keywords: Satellite, Model, Communication, Military, Command, Control}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJAMARD23001, title = {DEPLOYMENT OF SMART METERS TO ELIMINATE ENERGY THEFT IN NIGERIA}, author = {AFOLAYAN Olumide Andrew and OLOWOFILA Inioluwa Oladipupo}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IJAMARD-23-001.pdf}, issn = {2545-5354}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-01-03}, urldate = {2023-01-03}, journal = {International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Academic Research and Development}, volume = {2}, issue = {1}, pages = {1 - 5}, abstract = {The supply of electric power is seen as a very important and key driver in the efforts to diversify and grow the economy of Nigeria to boost revenue sources and creat employment opportunities for the teaming youth. However, there are several problems and challenges that are adversely affecting the electricity sector in the Nigeria. A critical aspect of these challenges is energy theft, which include unethical practices such as unlawful direct hooking from power line, by-passing of electricity meter, injection of foreign elements into the energy meter, drilling holes in the meter and assignment of illegal amount of energy units to consumer. In this paper, a phased deployment of smart energy meters and other managerial procedures are recommended to drastically reduced incidences of energy theft with subsequent increased in revenue collection. This paper would be useful to policy makers who are trying to come up with effective solutions aimed at boosting revenue leading to improvement in power generation sector, transmission process and distribution. Keywords: Electricity Sector, Energy, Theft, Electricity, Meters, Energy.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJARI2301002, title = {ASSESSMENT OF COMBINED MACHINE LEARNING MODELS ON SALE PREDICTION}, author = { Sadiku, I.B.S.; Aina, O.A.; Onalaja, O.O. and Ganiyu, A.K}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IJARI-23-01-002.pdf}, issn = {2545–5214}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-01-02}, urldate = {2023-01-02}, journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation}, volume = {3}, issue = {1}, pages = {7 - 10}, abstract = {Machine learning models are combined to output a better skillful model. The output model(s) to use or trust to solve a problem is subject to its record of performances. In this study, ensemble machine learning algorithm is used in anaconda3 environment to combine the predictions from multiple machine learning classification models: K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machine Enabled Radial Basis Function (SVM-RBF), Decision Trees (DT), Random forest (RF), Multilayer perceptron (MLP) on sale dataset. The dataset consist of three levels of sale channels (In-person, Instagram and Whatsapp) and three levels of movement restriction period (COVID- 19, nationwide restriction due to national election and no restriction movement). The results revealed that KNN, SVM-RBF, DT, RF, MLP, and the combined model had: accuracy score of 62.99 %, 91.57 %, 52.45 %, 89.93 %, 33.02 % and 49.41 % respectively; the Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) gave 50.84 %, 88.85 %, 34.76 %, 86.61 %, 6.12 % and 29.95 % respectively; F1 score also gave 59.92 %, 91.24 %, 44.83 %, 89.58 %, 19.58 % and 43.59 % respectively. It can be seen from the results that combining models for machine learning operation does not necessarily give higher performances in all score category but the confidence in individual model to accurately learn on the dataset or from neighbor model on its own. Keywords: Skillful, Algorithm, Anaconda3, Sale Channels, Movement Restriction Period}, keywords = {IJARI}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJARI-2023-01-001, title = {THE IMPACT OF EMPLOYEE TRAINING AND DEVELOPMENT ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE }, author = {Adewale Bashir ADEBAYO and Idowu Tosin ADEBAYO}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/01/IJARI-23-01-001.pdf}, issn = {2545 – 5214}, year = {2023}, date = {2023-01-01}, urldate = {2023-01-01}, journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation}, volume = {3}, number = {1}, issue = {1}, pages = {1 - 6}, abstract = {Organizations invest in effective training and development for its employees with the aim to achieve both short and long term benefits. This study attempts to present a quantitative analysis on the significance of training and development on employee productivity and to investigate whether training and development has impact on employees’ performance. For the purpose of this study, survey research method was adopted and data was gathered from the academic staff of Federal University Agriculture Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria. The population of the study is six hundred and twenty-eight (628) and sample size of two hundred and forty-four (244) which was determined using Yaro Tamane sample size formula. From the results, it was discovered that design process is essential in employee training and development for employees to be competent and render quality services in scheduled performance. Keywords: Training, Development, Employees Performance, Productivity}, keywords = {IJARI}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJARI2202006, title = {IMPROVEMENT ON ALPHA-BETA BEHAVIOUR ANALYSIS FOR RAIN PREDICTION OF RADIO PROPAGATION SYSTEMS}, author = {AFOLAYAN A. OLUMIDE and OYELEKE OLAOSEBIKAN}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IJARI-22-02-006.pdf}, issn = {2545–5214}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-12-08}, journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation}, volume = {2}, issue = {2}, pages = {35 - 42}, abstract = {A good knowledge of the effect of rain in the design of satellite and terrestrial microwave radio links is of interest to engineers and scientists. In equal importance is the role plays by tropical rainfall in agricultural practices and in ensuring the constant availability of atmospheric wind circulation as a result of latent heat energy produced by tropical rainfall. A good prediction often required for guaranteeing high level of accuracy of the rain rate distribution from the lowest rain rate value to the highest. The present work proposes an improved model that expresses rain rate as a function of alpha and beta obtained at 0.01% of the time when tested. Observational data from tropical regions especially along equatorial region were used, with two locations in Nigeria. The results obtained are shown to be reliable for discussing the performance of the rain intensities of between 5mm/h to 200mm/h. Keywords: Rain, Radio, Program, Alpha, Beta, Behaviour, Rate}, keywords = {IJARI}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJAGCFM-22-001, title = {CELL SELECTION TECHNIQUE FOR INTERFERENCE MITIGATION IN HETEROGENEOUS NETWORKS}, author = {Afolayan, A. O. and Akinola, N. A.}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IJAGCFM-22-001.pdf}, issn = {2550-7222}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-12-01}, urldate = {2022-12-01}, journal = {International Journal of Applied Geophysics and Computational Fluid Mechanics}, volume = {1}, issue = {2}, pages = {1 - 5}, abstract = {The significant advances in cellular networks and mobile devices have led to a rapidly growing demand for high speed multimedia applications. The co-existence of macro eNodeBs and the additional low power nodes (LPNs) could lead to higher interference in LTE-Advanced Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets). Due to high transmission power emitted by macro cell, very few users will be off-loaded to nearby pico cell which leads to underutilization of pico cells in HetNets. Hence, in practical HetNets scenario, Range Extension (RE) is a promising scheme to utilize the low power node (LPN) resources more effectively and improve the cell edge performance. With the help of CRE, user equipment (UE) will add a bias value to actual signal strength received from pico cell and thereby offload their traffic from macro cell to pico cell. However, if the bias value is not properly set in a way to capture the users’ distribution and network density, it may introduce more interference. In this paper, a solution of Intelligent Pico Cell Range Expansion which calculates the optimal and effective bias value for each mobile station independently is been proposed. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can reduce the number of outage and increase the number of offloaded UE in HetNet. Keywords: Cell Association, Cell Range Expansion, Heterogeneous, Networks, Inter-Cell Interference, Pico Cell}, keywords = {IJAGCFM}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJARI2202005, title = {ASSESSMENT OF THE STATUS OF RADIOTHERAPY SERVICES IN NIGERIA: AN INTERVENTION TO IMPROVE THE SITUATION}, author = {Andrew Olumide AFOLAYAN}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IJARI-22-02-005.pdf}, issn = {2545–5214}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-12-01}, urldate = {2022-12-01}, journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation}, volume = {2}, issue = {2}, pages = {30 - 34}, abstract = {As an important component of cancer control programs, the scarcity of radiation therapy resources in Nigeria is becoming more severe as cancer incidence increases. This study analyses and suggests possible solutions to the causes of this rather disastrous state of radiation therapy in Nigeria. In the study the available radiotherapy centers in Nigeria were analyzed, while relevant information about the types and number of radiotherapy equipments was obtained using retrospective method of data collection. Results showed that between 2001and 2014 the number of megavoltage therapy machines has reached nine from five, with at least one therapy machine situated in nine of the radiotherapy center. Nigeria is the most populated African country with a population of at least 160 million people based on 2006 population census and average annual growth rate of 3.10%, giving only a marginal improvement in the radiotherapy service. The results also showed that these facilities are concentrated in the southern and northern states of the country. Although progress has been made in the establishment of radiation therapy services in Nigeria, a large need still exists for training of manpower in all fields of specialization related to radiotherapy service in order to adequately care for the multitude of cancer patients. Radiotherapy centers need to be established in Nigeria, due to the increasing number of patients requiring the facility. Awareness of such centers should be raised among medical practitioners and the populace. Keywords: Radiotherapy, Cancer, Megavoltage Therapy Machine, Linear Accelerator.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJAGIE-22-013, title = {Consolidation Parameters and Settlement Potentials of Black Cotton Soil Stabilized Sedimentary Formation of Part of South-Western Nigeria}, author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU and Hakeem Adesoji SANNI}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/IJAGIE-22-013.pdf}, issn = {2545-5559}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-10-15}, urldate = {2022-10-15}, journal = {International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, issue = {1}, pages = {89 - 97}, abstract = {Black cotton soils are characterized by their damaging attributes which include erosion, expansion, excessive creep, high compressibility, heaving, subsidence, dispersion and swelling. Problematic soils have some additional unique properties including low bearing capacity, high water absorption, and low permeability, among others. Palm kernel shells are not common material in the construction industry. This is either because they are not available in very large quantities as sand or gravel, or because their use for such has not been encouraged. For some time now, the stakeholders’ have been clamoring for the use of local materials in the construction industry to limit the cost of construction. There has therefore been a greater call for the sourcing and development of alternative, non-conventional local construction materials. Therefore there is need to look at the possibility of mitigating the problems of black cotton soils using locally available materials. One of such is palm kernel shells. The black cotton (expansive) soil was obtained from a borrow pit on the sedimentary formation at Idogo in Ogun State, South-Western Nigeria. The borrow site lies within the coordinates 6⁰ 50' 6" N and 2⁰ 58' 42" E. The black cotton soils used in the study were collected from depths between 0.3-1.0m below ground level. The palm kernel shell wastes were taken from palm oil producing plant along Ilaro-Owode Road, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. The quantity of water which was used to obtain optimum moisture content and maximum dry density for black cotton soil (i. e. control, 0%) was determined. This water was then used to run 90% consolidation tests. The palm kernel shells were broken into pieces passing through 5mm sieve and then substituted for black cotton soil from 0% to 50% at 10% intervals while 0% palm kernel shell substitution served as control experiment. In line with BS 1377 (1990) and other relevant codes, consolidation tests were conducted on the saturated and unsaturated composite materials of black cotton on sedimentary formation mixed varying degrees of palm kernel shells for the determination of consolidation parameters and possible settlement potentials. This will help to find a way of incorporating solid palm kernel shells into engineering advantage thereby helping to reduce the nuisance and menace caused by solid palm kernel shell waste in the environment and leading to a more stable environment. Keywords: Sedimentary Formation, Consolidation Parameters, Palm Kernel Shell, Settlement Potentials}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJAGIE-22-012, title = {Compaction Behaviors of Black Cotton Soil on Basement Complex and Sedimentary Formation of Part of South-Western Nigeria}, author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU and Gbenro Oyedele RAJI}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/IJAGIE-22-012.pdf}, issn = {2545-5559}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-25}, urldate = {2022-08-25}, journal = {International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {84 - 88}, abstract = {Expansive soils are one of those kinds of soils whose volume change takes place while it comes in contact with water. It expands during the rainy season due to intake of water and shrinks during dry season. The wetting and drying process of a sub-grade layer composed of black cotton soil result into failure of pavements in form of settlement and cracking. Therefore, prior to construction of a road on such sub-grade, it is important either to remove the existing soil and replace it with a non-expansive soil or to improve the engineering properties of the existing soil by stabilization using additives such as egg shell powder and palm kernel shell which is source locally The black cotton (expansive) soil was obtained from a borrow pit on the basement complex at Igbo-Ora in Oyo State, South-Western Nigeria. The borrow site lies within the coordinates Longitude 7⁰24'45" and latitude 3⁰18'34". Another black cotton (expansive) soil was obtained from a borrow pit on the sedimentary formation at Idogo in Ogun State, South-Western Nigeria. The borrow site lies within the coordinates 6⁰ 50' 6" N and 2⁰ 58' 42" E. The black cotton soils used in the study were collected from depths between 0.3-1.0m below ground level. In line with BS 1377 (1990) and other relevant codes, compaction tests were conducted on the black cotton soils on basement complex and sedimentary formation for the determination of maximum dry density, bulk density and optimum moisture content of the natural soils. From the results, the bulk and dry densities of black cotton soil on the sedimentary formation are higher than that of basement complex while the later required more test water content to achieve the maximum bulk and dry densities. The optimum moisture content of basement complex is higher than that of sedimentary formation. It could be seen from the results that the type of formation played a prominent role in their behaviors to the compactive efforts. Keywords: Black Cotton Soil; Basement Complex; Sedimentary Formation; Dry Density; Optimum Moisture Content.}, keywords = {IJAGIE}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJAGIE-22-011, title = {Consistency Characteristics and Behaviors of Palm Kernel Shell Stabilized Black Cotton Soil on Basement complex of Part of South-Western Nigeria}, author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU and Saheed Laide AKINRINADE}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/IJAGIE-22-011.pdf}, issn = {2545-5559}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-23}, urldate = {2022-08-23}, journal = {International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {78 - 83}, abstract = {Expansive soils tend to be strong in its dry state but when in a wet condition, it tends to lose its strength. The low strength and excessive volume changes of black cotton soil make their use in constructions very difficult. The properties of the black cotton soil may be altered in many ways through mechanical, chemical and other means. Therefore, it becomes very important to investigate the physical and engineering properties associated with the black cotton soil especially as a construction material. The black cotton (expansive) soil was obtained from a borrow pit on the basement complex at Igbo-Ora in Oyo State, South-Western Nigeria. The borrow site lies within the coordinates Longitude 7⁰24'45" and latitude 3⁰18'34". The black cotton soils used in the study were collected from depths between 0.3-1.0m below ground level. The palm kernel shell wastes were taken from palm oil producing plant along Ilaro-Owode Road, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. The palm kernel shells were broken into pieces passing through 5mm sieve and then substituted for black cotton soil from 0% to 30% at 10% intervals while 0% palm kernel shell substitution served as control experiment. In line with BS 1377 (1990) and other relevant codes, consistency tests were conducted on the composite materials of black cotton on basement complex mixed varying degrees of palm kernel shells, for the determination of liquid limit, plastic limit, etc. From the results, shrinkage limit reduced from 2.0cm for 0% substitution to 1.5cm for 30% substitution of palm kernel shell substitution in black cotton soil on basement complex. The percentage shrinkage limit became constant at 30% palm kernel shell substitution which is an indication that the optimum percentage substitution of palm kernel shell in black cotton soil on basement complex is 30%. Keywords: Expansive Soil, Consistency, Basement Complex, Palm Kernel Shell}, keywords = {IJAGIE}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJAGIE-22-010, title = {Consistency Characteristics and Behaviors of Palm Kernel Shell Stabilized Black Cotton Soil on Sedimentary Formation of Part of South-Western Nigeria}, author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU and Adeniyi Francis ADEWUNMI}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/IJAGIE-22-010.pdf}, issn = {2545-5559}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-19}, urldate = {2022-08-19}, journal = {International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {72 - 77}, abstract = {The disposal of waste materials is a big problem in the developing country like Nigeria. As a result of lack of land required for disposal technique. The substitution of these waste materials in the form of stabilizing agent in the soil stabilization is a modern approach by which waste materials can be of advantage in civil engineering projects. The idea behind the technique of soil stabilization is that the finer particles of soil are replaced with coarser particles of the waste material so that a composite material is formed having an interlocking ability with better geotechnical properties. The black cotton (expansive) soil was obtained from a borrow pit on the sedimentary formation at Idogo in Ogun State, South-Western Nigeria. The borrow site lies within the coordinates 6⁰ 50' 6" N and 2⁰ 58' 42" E. The black cotton soils used in the study were collected from depths between 0.3-1.0m below ground level. The palm kernel shell wastes were taken from palm oil producing plant along Ilaro-Owode Road, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. The quantity of water which was used to obtain optimum moisture content and maximum dry density for black cotton soil (i. e. control, 0%) was determined. This water was then used to run consistency tests. The palm kernel shells were broken into pieces passing through 5mm sieve and then substituted for black cotton soil from 0% to 30% at 10% intervals while 0% palm kernel shell substitution served as control experiment. In line with BS 1377 (1990) and other relevant codes, consistency tests were conducted on the composite materials of black cotton on sedimentary formation mixed varying degrees of palm kernel shells for the determination of liquid limit, plastic limit, etc. The observed or measured parameters reduce as the palm kernel shell substitutions increases. It is evidently clear from the results that the percentage shrinkage limit became constant at 30% palm kernel shell substitution in black cotton soil on sedimentary formation which is an indication of constancy of volume. Keywords: Expansive Soil, Consistency, Sedimentary Formation, Palm Kernel Shell.}, keywords = {IJAGIE}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJAGIE-22-09, title = {CBR Characteristics and Behaviors of Black Cotton Soil on Sedimentary Formation}, author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU and Ayodeji Solomon ADEBESIN}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/IJAGIE-22-009.pdf}, issn = {2545-5559}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-16}, urldate = {2022-08-16}, journal = {International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {64 - 71}, abstract = {Black cotton soils are characterized by their damaging attributes which include erosion, expansion, excessive creep, high compressibility, heaving, subsidence, dispersion and swelling. Problematic soils have some additional unique properties including low bearing capacity, high water absorption, low permeability, among others. The black cotton (expansive) soil was obtained from a borrow pit on the sedimentary formation at Idogo in Yewa South Local Government, Ogun State, South-Western Nigeria. The borrow site lies within the coordinates 6⁰ 50' 6" N and 2⁰ 58' 42" N. The black cotton soils used in the study were collected from depths between 0.3-1.0m below ground level. In line with BS 1377 (1990) and other relevant codes, California Bearing-Ratio (CBR) tests were conducted on the materials of black cotton on sedimentary formation to determine the suitability of the natural expansive soil for use as sub-grade, sub-base or base materials. It is evidently clear from the results that the CBR value of the soil is low and could be classified as poor soil. Even though the soil could be used as sub-grade, and in order to reduce the overall construction cost of highways, it will still be required that soil be stabilized with any of the locally available stabilized agents or materials. Keywords: Sedimentary Formation, California Bearing-Ratio, Pavement, Strength}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJAGIE-22-08, title = {California Bearing-Ratio Characteristics and Behaviors of Black Cotton Soil on Basement Complex of Part of South-Western Nigeria}, author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU and Rapheal Rafiu AFOLABI}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/IJAGIE-22-008-1.pdf}, issn = {2545-5559}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-14}, urldate = {2022-08-14}, journal = {International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {55 - 63}, abstract = {Road construction as a viable means for economic advancement of any country requires much attention. The attention for this is in different facet and the mode of construction as well as cost of construction affects the quality and size of the road to be constructed. Developing nation with verse arable land and inter lands needs enough quality roads to link the rural areas with the urban areas where mainly agricultural activities are done in large scale. The black cotton (expansive) soil was obtained from a borrow pit on the basement complex at Igbo-Ora in Oyo State, South-Western Nigeria. The borrow site (Figure 1) lies within the coordinates Longitude 7⁰24'45" and latitude 3⁰18'34". The black cotton soils used in the study were collected from depths between 0.3-1.0m below ground level. In line with BS 1377 (1990) and other relevant codes, California Bearing-Ratio (CBR) tests were conducted on the materials of black cotton (on basement complex) to determine the suitability of the expansive soil for use as sub-grade, sub-base or base materials in road construction. It is evidently clear from the results that the CBR value of the soil is low and could be classified as poor soil. Even though the soil could be used as sub-grade, and in order to reduce the overall construction cost of highways, it will still be required that soil be stabilized with any of the locally available stabilized agents or materials. Keywords: California Bearing Ratio, Sub-grade, Sub-base, Base Course, Pavement}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJAGIE-22-07, title = {Consistency Behaviors of Eggshell Powder Stabilized Black Cotton Soil on Sedimentary Formation of Part of South-Western Nigeria}, author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU and Oluwasegun Samuel OLAREWAJU}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/IJAGIE-22-007-1.pdf}, issn = {2545-5559}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-03}, urldate = {2022-08-03}, journal = {International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {48 - 54}, abstract = {Soils which undergo large volume changes with change in water content like black cotton may be troublesome if used for highway or railroad fills or if structural foundations are placed on them. The soil volume changes result in bumps in roads and cracks in structures since the volume changes may not, and usually will not, be equal. The liquid and plastic limits may be used to predict potential problems in soils due to volume changes. However, to obtain quantitative indication of how much change in moisture can occur before any appreciable volume change occurs and to obtain, if volume change does occur, an indication of the amount of change, a shrinkage-limit test should be performed. The black cotton (expansive) soil used in this study was obtained from a borrow pit on the basement complex at Idogo in Yewa South Local Government, Ogun State, South-Western Nigeria. The borrow site lies within the coordinates 6⁰ 50' 6" N and 2⁰ 58' 42" N. The black cotton soils used in the study were collected from depths between 0.3-1.0m below ground level. The eggshell wastes were taken from Obasanjo Farms, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria along Ilaro-Owode Road, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. The eggshells were grounded into powder and then substituted for black cotton soil from 0% to 30% at 10% intervals while 0% eggshell powder substitution served as control experiment. In line with BS 1377 (1990) and other relevant codes, consistency tests were conducted on the composite materials of black cotton (on sedimentary formation) mixed varying degrees of eggshell powder for the determination of liquid limit, plastic limit, etc. It is evidently clear from the results that the percentage shrinkage limit became constant at 30% eggshell powder substitution in black cotton soil on sedimentary formation which is an indication of constancy of volume. Keywords: Black Cotton Soil, Consistency, Sedimentary Formation, Eggshell Powder.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJAGIE-22-06, title = {Consistency Characteristics and Behaviors of Eggshell Powder Stabilized Black Cotton Soil on Basement Complex of Part of South-Western Nigeria}, author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU and Oluwale Adisa OGUNJIMI}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/IJAGIE-22-006-1.pdf}, issn = {2545-5559}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-08-01}, urldate = {2022-08-01}, journal = {International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {41 - 47}, abstract = {Expansive soils are one of those kinds of soils whose volume change takes place while it comes in contact with water. Therefore, prior to construction of a road on such sub-grade, it is important either to remove the existing soil and replace it with a non-expansive soil or to improve the engineering properties of the existing soil by stabilization using additives which are sourced locally. The black cotton (expansive) soil was obtained from a borrow pit on the basement complex at Igbo-Ora in Oyo State, South-Western Nigeria. The borrow site lies within the coordinates Longitude 7⁰24'45" and latitude 3⁰18'34". The black cotton soils used in the study were collected from depths between 0.3-1.0m below ground level. The eggshell wastes were taken from Obasanjo Farms, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria along Ilaro-Owode Road, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. The eggshells were grounded into powder and then substituted for black cotton soil from 0% to 30% at 10% intervals while 0% eggshell powder substitution served as control experiment. In line with BS 1377 (1990) and other relevant codes, consistency tests were conducted on the composite materials of black cotton (on basement complex) mixed with varying degrees of eggshell powder for the determination of liquid limit, plastic limit, shrinkage limit, etc. It is evidently clear from the results that the percentage shrinkage limit became constant at 30% eggshell powder substitution in black cotton soil on basement complex which is an indication of constancy of volume. Keywords: Black Cotton Soil, Consistency, Basement Complex, Eggshell Powder}, keywords = {IJAGIE}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJAGIE-22-05, title = {Pressure Load Characteristics of Unsaturated Eggshell Powder Stabilized Black Cotton Soil on Basement Complex of Part of South-Western Nigeria}, author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU and Ayodele Samuel BAMISAYE}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/IJAGIE-22-0055.pdf}, issn = {2545-5559}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-07-31}, urldate = {2022-07-31}, journal = {International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {33 - 40}, abstract = {Soil stabilization either by mechanical or chemical means is the remedy for shrinkage and swelling of black cotton soil to create an improved soil material possessing the desired engineering properties. Soils may be stabilized to increase strength and durability of the black cotton soil. Regardless of the purpose for stabilization, the desired result is the creation of a soil material or soil system that will remain in place under the design use conditions for the design life of the civil engineering project. The black cotton (expansive) soil was obtained from a borrow pit on the basement complex at Igbo-Ora in Oyo State, South-Western Nigeria. The borrow site lies within the coordinates Longitude 7⁰24'45" and latitude 3⁰18'34". The eggshell wastes were taken from Obasanjo Farms, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria along Ilaro-Owode Road, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. The quantity of water which was used to obtain optimum moisture content and maximum dry density for black cotton soil (i. e. control, 0%) was determined. This water was then used to run consolidation tests. The eggshells were grounded into powder and then substituted for black cotton soil from 0% to 30% at 10% intervals for consolidation and settlement parameters determination while 0% eggshell powder substitution served as control experiment. In line with BS 1377 (1990), 90% consolidation tests were conducted on unsaturated composite materials of black cotton soil mixed with varying degrees of eggshell powder to determine the compression and expansion characteristics for the 1-hour soaked samples. From the preliminary results, compression behavior is linear meaning; it is directly proportional to time for all the substitutions investigated while there is no reduction during expansion above 20% substitution while removing the load. The rate and magnitude of expansion is zero for the 30% substitutions investigated. At 30% eggshell powder substitution in black cotton soil, expansion problem would be significantly reduced if not completely eliminated. Keywords: Black Cotton Soil, Expansion, Compression, Unsaturated, Eggshell Powder.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJAGIE-22-04, title = {Compression and Expansion Characteristics of Eggshell Powder Stabilized Black Cotton Soil on Basement Complex of Part of South-Western Nigeria}, author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU and David Oluwatomisin TELLA}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/IJAGIE-22-005.pdf}, issn = { 2545-5559}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-07-29}, urldate = {2022-07-29}, journal = {International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {24 - 32}, abstract = {Black cotton soil is heavy clay soil which varies from clay to loam and it is generally light to dark grey in color. The most important characteristic of the soil is that when dry, it shrinks and is hard like stone and when wet it expands. The uncommon traits of the soil make it hard to construct foundation in such soil. Special method of construction of foundation is needed in such soil. The black cotton (expansive) soil was obtained from a borrow pit on the basement complex at Igbo-Ora in Oyo State, South-Western Nigeria. The borrow site lies within the coordinates Longitude 7⁰24'45" and latitude 3⁰18'34". The black cotton soils used in the study were collected from depths between 0.3-1.0m below ground level. The eggshell wastes were taken from Obasanjo Farms, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria along Ilaro-Owode Road, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. The quantity of water which was used to obtain optimum moisture content and maximum dry density for black cotton soil (i. e. control, 0%) was determined. This water was then used to run consolidation tests. The eggshells were grounded into powder and then substituted for black cotton soil from 0% to 30% at 10% intervals for consolidation and settlement parameters determination while 0% eggshell powder substitution served as control experiment. In line with BS 1377 (1990), 90% consolidation tests were conducted on composite materials of black cotton soil mixed with varying degrees of eggshell powder to determine the compression and expansion characteristics for the 24-hour soaked samples. From the results, compression behavior is linear meaning; it is directly proportional to time for all the substitutions investigated while there is no reduction during expansion above 20% substitution while removing the load. The rate and magnitude of expansion is zero for the 30% substitutions investigated. At 30% eggshell powder substitution in black cotton soil, expansion problem would be significantly reduced or completely eliminated. Keywords: Black Cotton Soil, Expansion, Compression, Consolidation, Eggshell Powder.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJAGIE-22-03, title = {Compression and Expansion Characteristics of Palm Kernel Shell Stabilized Black Cotton Soil on Basement Complex of Part of South-Western Nigeria}, author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU and Abdulwaheed Ahmed OLORUKO-OBA}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/IJAGIE-22-003.pdf}, issn = {2545-5559}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-07-26}, urldate = {2022-07-26}, journal = {International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {15 - 23}, abstract = {Expansive soils are one of those kinds of soils whose volume change takes place while it comes in contact with water. It expands during the rainy season due to intake of water and shrinks during dry season. The properties of the black cotton soil may be altered in many ways through mechanical, chemical and other means. Therefore, it becomes very important to investigate the physical and engineering properties associated with the black cotton soil especially as a construction material or for foundation purposes. The black cotton (expansive) soil was obtained from a borrow pit on the basement complex at Igbo-Ora in Oyo State, South-Western Nigeria. The borrow site lies within the coordinates Longitude 7⁰24'45" latitude 3⁰18'34". The black cotton soils used in the study were collected from depths between 0.3-1.0m below ground level. The palm kernel shell wastes were taken from palm oil producing plant (Figure 1) along Ilaro-Owode Road, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. The quantity of water which was used to obtain optimum moisture content and maximum dry density for black cotton soil (i. e. control, 0%) was determined. This water was then used to run consolidation tests. The palm kernel shells were broken into pieces passing through 5mm sieve and then substituted for black cotton soil from 0% to 30% at 10% intervals for consolidation and settlement parameters determination while 0% palm kernel shell substitution served as control experiment. In line with BS 1377 (1990), 90% consolidation tests were conducted on composite materials of black cotton soil mixed with varying degrees of palm kernel shells to determine the compression and expansion characteristics for the 24-hour soaked samples. From the results, compression behavior is linear meaning, it is directly proportional to time for all the substitutions investigated while for the first 30 seconds, there is no remarkable and noticeable reduction during expansion while removing the load. The rate and magnitude of expansion is minimal for all the substitutions investigated. Keywords: Black Cotton Soil, Expansion, Compression, Consolidation, Palm Kernel Shell.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJAGIE-22-02, title = {Pressure Load Characteristics of Unsaturated Palm Kernel Shell Stabilized Black Cotton Soil on Basement Complex of Part of South-Western Nigeria}, author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU and Olayinka Ebenezer FALOLA}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/IJAGIE-22-002.pdf}, issn = {2545-5559}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-07-25}, journal = {International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering}, volume = {2}, number = {2}, pages = {7 - 14}, abstract = {Black cotton soil, because of its swelling and shrinkage characteristics is a challenge to geotechnical engineers. It is very hard when dry, but losses its strength completely when in wet condition. It exhibits very low bearing capacity, low permeability and high volume change due to the presence of montmorillonite and iolite clay minerals. Modification of black cotton soil by chemical admixtures is a common method for stabilizing the swell-shrink tendency of expansive soils. The black cotton (expansive) soil was obtained from a borrow pit on the basement complex at Igbo-Ora in Oyo State, South-Western Nigeria. The borrow pit site lies within the coordinates Longitude 7⁰24'45" and latitude 3⁰18'34". The black cotton soils used in the study were collected from depths between 0.3-1.0m below ground level. The palm kernel shell wastes were taken from palm oil producing plant along Ilaro-Owode Road, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. The quantity of water which was used to obtain optimum moisture content and maximum dry density for black cotton soil (i. e. control, 0%) was determined and was then used to run consolidation tests. The palm kernel shells were broken into pieces passing through 5mm sieve and then substituted for black cotton soil from 0% to 30% at 10% intervals for consolidation and settlement parameters determination while 0% palm kernel shell substitution served as control experiment. In line with BS 1377 (1990), 90% consolidation tests were conducted on composite materials of black cotton soil mixed with varying degrees of palm kernel shells to determine the compression and expansion characteristics for the 1-hour soaked samples. From the results, compression behavior is linear meaning, it is directly proportional to time for all the substitutions investigated while for the first 30 seconds, there is no remarkable and noticeable reduction during expansion while removing the load. The rate and magnitude of expansion is minimal for all the substitutions investigated. Keywords: Black Cotton Soil, Unsaturated, Consolidation, Palm Kernel Shell.}, keywords = {IJAGIE}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJAGIE-22-01, title = {Coefficient of Consolidation of Saturated and Unsaturated Eggshell Powder Stabilized Lateritic Soil of Part of South-Western Nigeria}, author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU and Sunday Samuel OMOPARIOLA}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/IJAGIE-22-001.pdf}, issn = {2545-5559}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-07-21}, journal = {International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {1 - 6}, abstract = {Eggshell is an agricultural waste which has been found to possess pozolanic property and has been used as partial replacement of cement in other materials. It is against this background that it is been used as a stabilizing agent on problematic lateritic soil. The laterite soil was obtained from a borrow pit at Ajegunle along Ilaro-Papalanto road, Yewa South Local Government Area in Ogun State, Nigeria. The borrow pit site lies within the coordinates 6°53’11.81”N and 3°7’44.88”E.The eggshells were obtained from Obasanjo Farms Nigeria Limited, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria and grounded to powder. In line with BS 1377 (1990) and other relevant codes of practice, consolidation tests on 1hour and 24hours soaked samples were conducted to determine the relevant consolidation parameters and settlement indices. Eggshell powder was substituted in the lateritic soil (sedimentary formation) in range of 0% to 50% with 0% serving as control experiment for both the 1-hour soaked and 24-hour soaked samples. The results indicated that for the 1hour soaked sample, the value of the coefficient of consolidation is within the range of 1.22 at 50% substitution to 1.68 at 10% substitution, while the range is 0.63 at 50% substitution to 1.60 at 20% substitution. Finally, from the results, coefficient of consolidation reduces as the percentage eggshell powder substitution increases. Keywords: Coefficient; Consolidation; Stabilization; Lateritic; Soil; Settlement; Eggshell Powder}, keywords = {IJAGIE}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJARI-22-02-004, title = {IMPROVING WATER USE EFFICIENCY IN PEPPER (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.) PRODUCTION UNDER DRIP IRRIGATION IN ILARO, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA}, author = { Amori Anthony A., Fagbayide Samuel D., Akintade Joshua A. and Okusanya Muyiwa A.}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/IJARI-22-02-004.pdf}, issn = {2545 – 5214}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-03-29}, urldate = {2022-03-28}, journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation}, volume = {2}, number = {2}, pages = {21 - 29}, abstract = {Irrigation scheduling is pivotal for precision and sustainable farming, optimum crop growth and yield, as well as water use efficiency (WUE), especially in water-limited areas. The study aims to determine water use efficiency, as well as the effect of water stress on the yield of pepper under drip irrigation system. The study was conducted at the Agricultural and Bio-environmental Engineering Research Farm of the Federal Polytechnic Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. Four irrigation treatments were investigated. The experiment had four irrigation levels. The first irrigation application treatment (A) consists of 100% of actual crop evapotranspiration (ET). The second (B) was 75% ET. The third (C) was 50% ET and fourth (D) consist of 25% ET. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications and 2 varieties of pepper: Capsicum annum and Capsicum frutescens. Irrigation applications were applied for 3 weeks after transplanting and thereafter continued for the whole growing season. Parameters such as such soil, agronomic and crop’s consumption water use were measured and the results subjected to statistical analysis. The results indicated that there was a significant difference between the WUE, yields and growth parameters under different levels of irrigation in the two pepper varieties. The results showed that water use efficiency, yields and other agronomic parameters such as plant height, number of leaves and fruit length and weight were higher during the studies periods for both pepper varieties under treatments A and B compared with other treatments C and D respectively. However, there was no significant difference in WUE of treatments A and B. Statistical analysis among the agronomic parameters showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in all the treatments. It was concluded that irrigating at 75% ET in the study area will result in water saving and maximum sustainable production of these pepper varieties. Keywords: Drip, Irrigation, Pepper, Production, Water, Efficiency, Sustainable}, keywords = {IJARI}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJARI-22-02-003, title = {EFFECT OF INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF DEPOSIT MONEY BANK IN NIGERIA}, author = {Ogunbanjo Fatai Olusegun and Bamgbose Tomiwa Peter}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/IJARI-22-02-003.pdf}, issn = {2545–5214}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-03-28}, urldate = {2022-03-28}, journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation}, volume = {2}, number = {2}, pages = {15 - 20}, abstract = {This study investigated the functionality of each of the three internal control components, effectiveness of the control system and its relationship with organizational performance. Sample size for this research was 210 respondents comprising of employees from 6 Banks in Nigeria. In this study, internal control was measured by three components whereas organizational performance was measured through performance. The financial statements of the sample banks for a period of five years were used. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS). The statistical methods of correlation and one-way ANOVA were used for the testing of the research hypotheses. The results showed that control environment as a proxy for internal control had a significant positive effect on the performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The results further showed that the risk management as a proxy for internal control had a significant positive effect on efficiency of deposit money banks in Nigeria. In addition, the results showed that the information and communication system as a proxy for internal control had a significant positive effect on efficiency of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Hence it was concluded that internal control effectiveness has a positive relationship with the financial performance of the Deposits Money Banks. The detailed evaluation and understanding of the internal control system effectiveness and its components provided valuable insights to managers and employees of how they could manage or improve their control systems in order to achieve greater operational as well as organizational performance. Keywords: Financial; Bank; Deposit; Performance; Organizations}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJARI-22-02-002, title = {INFLUENCE OF MARKET SEGMENTATION ON INDUSTRIAL PRODUCT (A STUDY OF LARFAGE WAPCO NIGERIA PLC, SAGAMU, NIGERIA)}, author = { Musari, A. A. Awoniyi, M. I SOLARU, O. E. & Eleyowo I. O.}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/IJARI-22-02-002.pdf}, issn = {2545–5214}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-03-15}, urldate = {2022-03-15}, journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation}, volume = {2}, number = {2}, pages = {6 - 14}, abstract = {This project work examined influence of market segmentation on industrial product using Larfage Cement Plc, as a case study. This research was survey research and it made use of both primary and secondary sources to gather needed data for the study. Questionnaire was used to gathered primary data from Larfage Cement Plc. The sample adopted for this study was 132 employees at Larfage Cement Plc and data retrieved were analyzed on different tables using simple percentage. The study concluded that there is a significant relationship between market segmentation and industrial product of the company. The findings of the study have several managerial implications since the findings can assist in future managerial decisions or policy on market segmentation, especially in the Nigerian industry. Keywords: Segmentation, Employee, Market Strategy, Management}, keywords = {IJARI}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJARI-22-02-001, title = {APPRAISAL OF CONSUMER LOYALTY TO BRANDED MALT DRINKS IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA}, author = {Musari, Adedayo Akeem and Adebanjo, Oludotun Adewale}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/IJARI-22-02-001.pdf}, issn = {2545–5214}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-03-15}, journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation}, volume = {2}, number = {2}, pages = {1 - 5}, abstract = {This study was carried out among consumers of branded malt drinks in Lagos State, to establish the existence or otherwise of brand loyalty among such consumers. The study made use of primary and secondary sources of data. The major instrument used for primary data collection was the questionnaire while secondary data came from journals, books, newspapers, magazines, etc. As for data presentation; tables were used while the Chi-Square was used for data analysis. The study revealed that the five most preferred brands of malt drinks in Lagos State are Dubic Malt, Malta Guinness, Maltina, Amstel Malta and Beta Malt, in that order. The study also showed that the most influential factors in consumers’ decision to stick to their preferred brands are the perceived high brand quality and advertising. The study equally revealed that most of the consumers of branded malt drinks in Lagos State would not want to buy any other brand of malt drink even in the absence of their preferred brand. Based on the results of the study, it is very clear that brand loyalty exists among consumers of branded malt drinks in Lagos State. Keywords: Brand, Promotion, Consumers, Advertising, Brand loyalty}, keywords = {IJARI}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJAERT-22-002, title = {Design of Wireless Sensor Network-Based Smart Home Surveillance System}, author = {Adegbesan, A. S , Aderanti, A. T and Oni, O. O.}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/IJAERT_22_002-1.pdf http://ijari.org.ng/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/IJAERT_22_002.pdf}, issn = {2545-5931}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-02-28}, urldate = {2022-02-28}, journal = {International Journal of Academy of Engineering Research and Theory}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {7 - 11}, abstract = {In this work, the design of a wireless sensor network-based smart home surveillance system is presented. Video surveillance systems have become widely acceptable but there are still limitations. The use of wireless sensor network (WSN) especially with Internet Protocol-based closed circuit television (CCTV) can enhance its performance. The work presented in this paper uses electronic gadgets such as Personal Computer (PC) system with monitor, Wireless CCTV, Digital Video Recorder (DVR), Video Motion detector (VMD) and an IP based network for efficient delivery of surveillance services in the smart home architecture. A simple experiment was designed to test the effectiveness of the proposed and the evaluated results showed that the system has high throughput and reliability values for different locations. Keywords: Video Surveillance System, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), Monitor or Display Unit, CCTV, DVR, NVR.}, keywords = {IJAERT}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJAERT-22-001, title = {Construction of Automatic Heat Detector and Microcontroller-Based Fire Alarm System}, author = {Aderanti, A. T., Oni, O. O., Adegbesan, A. S and Kayode O. O.}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/IJAERT_22_001.pdf}, issn = {2545-5931}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-02-26}, urldate = {2022-02-26}, journal = {International Journal of Academy of Engineering Research and Theory}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {1-6}, abstract = {Fire alarm system is used to avoid the incidence of fire outbreaks and to protect lives and property. They find direct applications in the protection of the premises of industries, private and commercial buildings. Meanwhile, an ideal fire alarm system should be able to sense the required heat or high temperatures, transmit signals, and give alert with notification when there is an occurrence of fire. Previously proposed fire alarm systems come in one form or the other, but some of them are based on unfounded assumptions and without any practical foundations. Few with related design features lack human factors and ergonomics in their design and no basis for evaluation. Thus, proposed in this work is an automatic heat detector and microcontroller-based fire alarm system. It employs the use of detection system that operates as the fire detector, buzzer for alarming and motor pump to stop the fire and the entire system is controlled by microcontroller. The microcontroller is programmed using C-Programming in such way that the system can detects smoke, light, flame, heat etc. The prototype of the system was tested in real-life and it was found to work perfectly, the detail of its development was explained while recommendations for its full-scale implementation were also given. Keywords: Temperature Sensor, Microcontroller, Fire, Buzzer, LCD, Power, Automatic and C-Programming}, keywords = {IJAERT}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJARI2201004, title = {VARIANTS AND ERRORS IN NIGERIAN ENGLISH}, author = {Osinaike, Funmilola Omolara}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/IJARI-22-01-004.pdf}, issn = {2545–5214}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-02-25}, urldate = {2022-02-25}, journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {26 - 30}, abstract = {This paper discussed the varieties of the English Language in Nigeria. A brief history of English, the evolution of language in Nigeria and different classifications by scholars were discussed. The paper concluded with the future of Nigerian English and suggested recommendations on the variety to be picked as the standard for Nigerian English. Key Words: English, Language, Variants, Errors, Nigerian}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJARI2201003, title = {HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATION, POLLUTION INDICES, SOURCE APPORTIONMENT AND HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF AIR CONDITIONER FILTER DUST IN PORT HARCOURT, SOUTH-SOUTH NIGERIA}, author = {Famuyiwa Abimbola Oladimeji, Da Wariboko Tommy Seleipiri, ELEYOWO Israel Olusegun, IBIKUNLE Olajide and OLADETOUN Gbemiasola Mary}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/IJARI-22-01-003.pdf}, issn = {2545–5214}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-02-23}, journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation}, volume = {2}, number = {2}, pages = {14 - 25}, abstract = {Heavy metal pollution caused by various man-made activities, which hazardously affects the environment, has become a universal concern. The aim of the study is to evaluate heavy metal concentration, pollution level and health risk assessment in air conditioner filter dust in hospitals in Port Harcourt. Dust samples were collected from air conditioner filter, and then a composite sample was made for each of the ten (10) hospitals then transported to the laboratory of FATLAB Nigeria Company. 1g of the dust was digested using Aqua regia method. Heavy metal analysis was carried using iCE 3000 Series Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. Contamination factor, I-geo value and EF were used to determine the degree of pollution, possible source was determined using Pearson correlation, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) while Health risk assessment was conducted to evaluate the non-cancer and cancer risks to children and adult in the environment. The result shows that the concentration of chromium in 52.6% (10 of 19) of the samples were higher than the Canada value (64 mg/kg), 15.8% (3 of 19) were higher than the UK value (200 mg/kg) while 5.3% (1 of 19) were higher than the Dutch value (580 mg/kg). Zinc concentration in 52.6 % (10 of 19) of the samples were higher than the Canada value (360 mg/kg) while 31.6 % (6 of 19) were higher than the Dutch value (720 mg/kg). CF value show very high contamination with Cd, I-geo indicate moderate pollution from Cd and Zn in the filter dust, EF value shows an extremely high enrichment and very high enrichment from Cd and Zn respectively. Pearson correlation shows an obviously strong relationship between Fe, Pb, Zn and Cu suggesting an emergence of heavy metal from anthropogenic source possibly resulting from office equipment, furniture, cabinetry and components of the air conditioners. More so, PCA show a strong loading with Co, Fe, Pb suggesting and emergence from anthropogenic with an element of natural sources. The primary exposure of pathway to children and adult population were ingestion. Children in the hospital environment are at risk of being exposed to the dust than the adult, basically may be due to this playing behaviour. The children and adult in the hospital environment are not at risk of developing cancer from Cd and Pb on exposure while Cr (3.24E-04, 1.39E-04) respectively, demands close attention in the environment since it is at the radar of exceeding the permissible limit. Therefore, a frequent assessment and monitoring of Air conditioner filter in the hospitals is suggested. Key words: Air Conditioner, Filter Dust, Health Risk Assessment, Heavy Metal.}, keywords = {IJARI}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJARI-22-001, title = {THE IMPACT OF PEER-PRESSURE AND PERSUASION ON THE ACCEPTANCE OF ADIRE FABRICS (CLOTHES) IN WESTERN NIGERIA (A STUDY OF YOUNG ADULTS IN IKORODU, LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA)}, author = {Israel Olusegun ELEYOWO and Olajide IBIKUNLE}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/IJARI-22-01-001.pdf}, issn = {2545 – 5214}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-02-22}, urldate = {2022-02-22}, journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {1-7}, abstract = {Peer pressure is the influence exerted by a peer group or an individual encouraging other individuals to change their attitudes, values or behaviors in order to conform to group norms. The main objective of this study is to examine the impact of peer-pressure and persuasion on the acceptance of Adire Fabrics (clothes) in Westerner Nigeria. The survey research design was adopted in this study. The population includes Staff / employee of the organization, customer / distributor and consumer / end user, While Chi-square formula was used to determine the sample size. Both primary and secondary data was used while 80-item questionnaire was the main instrument of data collection. The Chi-square formula was used to analyze the data and test the hypothesis formulated in the study. The analysis was based on the response from completed questionnaire. The summary of findings state that there is a significance relationship between peer-pressure and decision making. It was concluded that Peer influence has both negative and positive impact on adult’s behavior. Among major recommendation was that Individuals should be encouraged not to give into peer pressure in order for them to be accepted and fit in a group Keywords: Peer Pressure, Middle Adulthood, Independent Decision Organization, Management}, keywords = {IJARI}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJARI-22-002, title = {EFFECTS OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE USE OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN TEACHING AND LEARNING OF MATHEMATICS IN POLYTECHNIC EDUCATION DURING LOCKDOWN IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA}, author = {IBIKUNLE OLAJIDE, ELEYOWO ISRAEL OLUSEGUN, OGUNMEFUN OLALEKAN PETER, SOTONWA OLAWALE EMMANUEL, BIYA EMMANUEL BABATUNDE}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/IJARI-22-01-002.pdf}, issn = {2545 – 5214}, year = {2022}, date = {2022-02-22}, journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation}, volume = {2}, number = {1}, pages = {8 - 13}, abstract = {The study examined the effects of covid-19 on the use of instructional materials in teaching and learning of mathematics in polytechnic education during the covid-19 induced lockdown in south west, Nigeria. As a result of these, a total of five hundred (500) students and fifty (50) Mathematics lecturers were used for the survey from five selected polytechnics in south west, Nigeria. Questionnaires and interview schedule were used for data collection. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were also used in analyzing the quantitative and qualitative data respectively. A frequency table was deplored to present the quantitative data while qualitative data were presented mathematically. The study revealed that 65.3% of lecturers have strong opinion that visual based (34.9%) and audio based (65.3%) instructional materials were used to disseminate mathematics lectures during covid-19 pandemic. Summaries were made and recommendations were proffered on how to improve the use of visual instructional materials in teaching and learning process in schools in order to improve performance in mathematics. Keywords: Covid-19, Pandemic, Instructional Materials, Mathematics, Students, Teachers.}, keywords = {IJARI}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJARI2101002, title = {LOCALLY FABRICATED UNINTERUPTED POWER SUPPLY (UPS) FOR SYSTEM COMPATIBILITY}, author = {Olumide Andrew AFOLAYAN}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/IJARI-21-01-002.pdf}, issn = {2545–5214}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-06-07}, journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {10-14}, abstract = {Uninterrupted power supply is an electrical device that provides emergency power to a load when the input power source, typically the utility mains fails or whenever the line voltage varies outside normal limits. Obviously, uninterrupted power supply (UPS) is an indispensable power unit in every size of establishment. Its features such as noiseless working condition, availability of storage elements, numerous system compatibility, etc. have not in any way marred its acceptance. This device is really dominating computer establishments in most developing countries. It has also been found useful in many other applications in big industries, homes offices, industries and religious centers and places of worship for continuous sustainability of energy supplied to electronic gadgets. The stages of the design were divided into sections. The UPS was switched ON, the bulb started to glow, and the UPS worked properly. The components of the UPS such as MOSFET transistor, relay, inverter, transformer and change over circuit were working properly and efficiently. Keywords: UPS, Inverter, Oscillating, Switching, Change-Over, Loww-Battery}, keywords = {IJARI}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJAMARD-21-001, title = {DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AUDIO POWER AMPLIFIER}, author = {Olumide Andrew AFOLAYAN}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/IJAMARD-21-001.pdf}, issn = {2545-5354}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-06-05}, journal = {International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Academic Research and Development}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {1-6}, abstract = {Amplifiers, as the name implies, are electronic devices that boost or strengthen an input signal. This study designed and constructed 30 W audio power amplifier using TDA2040 modules from the circuit digest. The amplifier was designed and constructed using integrated Circuit (TDA2040) and the simulation of the circuit was carried out using proteous 8 professional. The power supply unit was constructed using 12V-0-12V center-tap step-down transformer and thereafter the amplifier. The amplifier was tested and the results showed that the amplifier exhibited low distortion. The output power and efficiency were found to be 30.00 watts and 78.5 % respectively. The circuit simulation was a success, and that the agreement between the simulated and experimental result confirms the good performance of the amplifier. Keywords: Audio, Power, Amplifier, Vero board, Ripples, Signal.}, keywords = {IJAMARD}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJAERT-21-002, title = {IMPLEMENTATION OF HEART-RATE AND PULSE OXIMETRY MONITORING DEVICE WITH WIRELESS TEMPERATURE SENSOR}, author = {Kureve T. Douglas, Tingir T. James, Kyari H. Jennifer}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/IJAERT-21-002.pdf}, issn = {2545-5931}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-02-15}, journal = {International Journal of Academy of Engineering Research and Theory}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {1-7}, abstract = {High heart-rate values (known as tachycardia) are usually indicators of declining health or symptoms of underlying heart disease. Heart-rate is associated with hypoxia (low blood oxygen level) which on its own could lead to permanent brain damage. This research develops a heart- rate and blood oxyhemoglobin monitoring device using the MAX30100 IC (for the heart-rate and pulse oximeter reading), an Arduino UNO IC (ATMEGA328P) as the central controller, an MLX90614 infrared temperature module and a piezo buzzer for alarm system. The measurement period was 30 seconds and a 16 by 2 LCD displayed the heart-rate and blood oxygen concentration (SpO2) content in beats per minute and percentages % respectively. An alarm was triggered if the heart-rate exceeded 100 beats per minute or the SpO2 was less than 94%. The results obtained were compared to standard devices and the errors obtained were within acceptable limit. The device could be used as alternative in health care centers and could also incorporate a GSM Module to send messages to a physician and finally biometric could be introduced to be used as an identifier to know the specific user. Keywords: Heart-Rate; Monitoring; Device; Temperature; Oximeter; Blood; Tachycardia.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJACIE-21-001, title = {California Bearing-Ratio Characteristics of Plastic Pellet Stabilized Sedimentary Formation}, author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/IJACIE-21-001.pdf}, issn = {2550-7192}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-01-23}, journal = {International Journal of Advances in Civil and Infrastructure Engineering}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {1-7}, abstract = {Improving the engineering properties of lateritic soils by including stabilizing agent, such as cement, lime, bitumen, etc. helps to reduce settlement underneath the engineering structures. Plastic pollution is the accumulation of plastic objects and particles in the Earth's environment that adversely affects wildlife, and human. Living organisms, particularly marine animals, can be harmed by problems related to ingestion of plastic waste or through exposure to chemicals within plastics that interfere with their physiology. The lateritic soil used in this study was taken from the sedimentary formation located at Abalabi ( 53’ 13.758”N, 7’ 59.994”E), Ajegunle, along Papalanto-Ilaro road, Ogun State, Nigeria plastic wastes were taken from different location in Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. The plastic wastes were cut into pieces passing through 5mm sieve and then substituted for lateritic soil in the range of 0% to 50% at 5% intervals with 0% plastic pellet substitution serving as control experiment. In line with BS 1377 (1990), California Bearing-Ratio tests were conducted on the composite materials at different test water contents for all the substitutions. From the results, California Bearing-Ratio value increased gradually as plastic pellet substitution increases. In addition to this, 5% and 10% substitutions have the maximum CBR value at both top and bottom. Furthermore, between 25% to 50% plastic pellet substitutions, CBR values are highest from their first test water content. The composite material at 5% to 10% plastic pellet substitution could be used for road base and sub base, most especially rural roads. Therefore, environment risk and hazard caused by plastic waste could be greatly reduced, if not completely eliminated. Keywords: CBR, Pressure, Loads, Variation, Stabilization, Sedimentary, Formation Composite, Material}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJAERT-21-001, title = {Compaction Characteristics of Plastic Pellet Stabilized Sedimentary Formation}, author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/IJAERT_21_001.pdf}, issn = {2545-5931}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-01-21}, journal = {International Journal of Academy of Engineering Research and Theory}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {1-6}, abstract = {Recycling helps to reduce the pollution caused by waste and huge amounts of energy are used when making products from raw materials. Recycling requires much less energy and therefore helps to preserve natural resources in this case, natural (raw) rubber used in the production of plastic products. This study is aimed at providing alternatives use for plastic wastes in the construction industries. The lateritic soil used in this study was taken on the sedimentary formation located at Abalabi ( 53’ 13.758”N, 7’ 59.994”E), Ajegunle, along Papalanto-Ilaro road, Ogun State, Nigeria and plastic wastes were taken from different locations in Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. The plastic wastes were cut into pieces passing through 5mm sieve and then substituted for lateritic soil in the range of 0% to 50% at 5% intervals while 0% plastic pellet substitution served as control experiment. In line with BS 1377 (1990), compaction tests were carried out on the composite materials to determine the various optimum moisture contents and maximum dry densities at different test water contents for all the substitutions. From the results, it was observed that 0% plastic pellet substitution (i. e. control experiment) has the maximum dry density value. In addition to this, 35% to 40% plastic pellet substitution has the maximum optimum moisture content value while increase in plastic pellet substitution reduces the density of the composite material. The composite material at 10% plastic pallet substitution can be used for road base and sub base and it is therefore a possible alternative solution for safe disposal of the plastic wastes from causing nuisance. Therefore environmental risk and hazard caused by plastic waste would be greatly reduced, if not completely eliminated. Keywords: Compaction, Stabilization, Sedimentary, Formation Composite, Material, Plastic Pellets.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJARI-21-001, title = {California Bearing-Ratio Characteristics of Palm Kernel Shell Stabilized Sedimentary Formation}, author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/IJARI-21-001.pdf}, issn = {2545–5214}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-01-19}, journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {1-9}, abstract = {There is increase in demand for safe, durable and economical roads, especially in the rural areas. The high cost of stabilizing agent, environmental effects of dumping of agricultural waste such as palm kernel shell and implications involved in the process of transporting materials from borrow pit pose serious threats to human and the environment. Therefore, there is need to look for affordable alternatives. The lateritic soil used in this study was taken from the sedimentary formation located at Abalabi ( 53’ 13.758”N, 7’ 59.994”E), Ajegunle, along Papalanto-Ilaro road, Ogun State, Nigeria and palm kernel shell wastes were taken from oil palm producing plant at Iweke along Ilaro-Owode Road, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. The palm kernel shells were broken into pieces passing through 5mm sieve and then substituted for lateritic soil in the range of 0% to 50% at 5% intervals with 0% palm kernel shell substitution serving as control experiment. In line with BS 1377 (1990), pressure loads were applied on the composite materials and California Bearing-Ratio tests conducted at different test water contents for all the substitutions. From the results, California Bearing-Ratio value increased gradually as palm kernel shell substitution increases while 25% palm kernel shell substitution has the maximum CBR value at both top and bottom. In addition, for the 40% to 50% palm kernel shell substitutions, maximum CBR values were observed from their initial test water content. The composite material with palm kernel shell at 25% can be used for road base and sub base. Finally, recycling of palm kernel shell wastes is an alternative solution of safe disposal of the agro waste called palm kernel shell. There environmental risk and hazard caused by palm kernel shell wastes could be greatly reduced if not completely eliminated. Keywords: CBR, Stabilization, Sedimentary, Formation, Composite, Material.}, keywords = {IJARI}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJAEMP-21-001, title = {Compaction Characteristics of Palm Kernel Shell Stabilized Sedimentary Formation}, author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/IJAEMP-21-001.pdf}, issn = {2550-7230}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-01-17}, journal = {International Journal of Advances in Engineering Materials and Processes}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {1 - 5}, abstract = {Soil stabilization is the alteration of soils to enhance their physical properties and can be utilized on roadways, parking areas and many other situations where sub-soils are not suitable for construction. The use of conventional stabilizing agents have improved the engineering properties of lateritic soil but the cost of these stabilizing agents are on the increase, therefore there is need for alternatives such as palm kernel shell. The lateritic soil used in this study was taken on the sedimentary formation located at Abalabi ( 53’ 13.758”N, 7’ 59.994”E), along Papalanto-Ilaro road, Ogun State, Nigeria and palm kernel shell wastes were taken from oil palm producing plant at Iweke along Ilaro-Owode Road, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. The palm kernel shells were broken into pieces passing through 5mm sieve and then substituted for lateritic soil in the range of 0% to 50% at 5% intervals for compaction test while 0% palm kernel shell substitution served as control experiment. In line with BS 1377 (1990), compaction tests were carried out on the composite materials to determine the various optimum moisture contents and maximum dry densities at different test water contents for all the substitutions. From the results, maximum dry density reduces as the percentage palm kernel shell substitution increases while optimum moisture content increases as the percentage palm kernel shell substitutions increases. Therefore palm kernel shell could be used for the construction of road and as a result, environmental risk and hazard caused by palm kernel shell waste could be reduced if not completely eliminated. Keywords: Compaction, Stabilization, Sedimentary, Formation, Composite, Material, Palm Kernel Shell.}, keywords = {}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJAGIE-21-001, title = {Effects of Seismic Loads from Underground Accidental Explosions Occurring Between Ground Surface and Buried Pipes}, author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/IJAGIE-21-001.pdf}, issn = {2545-5559}, year = {2021}, date = {2021-01-02}, journal = {International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {1-10}, abstract = {Underground accidental explosions are caused by the detonation of explosive materials (solid, liquid or gas) stored below the ground surface. In this study, effects on underground pipes due to varying degrees of underground accidental explosions between the ground surface and buried concrete and steel pipes were studied using ABAQUS, a finite element numerical code. Concrete and steel pipes buried in loose sand and dense sand at various depths below the ground surface were modelled. The material properties as revealed by several researchers were used. Pipe and soil materials were limited to linear, elastic, homogeneous and isotropic. The observed parameters are displacement, pressure, mises, stress and strain at the crown, invert and spring-line of buried pipes. The results showed that irrespective of the ground media, at a given loading wave velocity, displacement remains relatively constant as the embedment ratio increases. Even though there is variation in the results due to dilations and compressions caused by the transient stress pulse of compression wave, some of the observed parameters reduce as the depth of burial of pipes increased. Keywords: Underground, Explosion, Pipes, Loading Wave Velocity.}, keywords = {IJAGIE}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJARI2001001, title = {Influence of Political Information Sources on Rural Voter Preference for Presidential Candidates in the Nigerian 2019 Elections}, author = {Michael Duro JODA and Bolu John FOLAYAN}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/IJARI-20-01-001.pdf}, issn = {2545 – 5214}, year = {2020}, date = {2020-09-24}, journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {1-10}, abstract = {There are lots of factors affecting voters’ decision on who to vote for amongst presidential candidates most especially voters in the rural and sub-urban areas. These factors could be examined through the fusion of quantitative and qualitative tradition with a view to helping voters make up their choice of presidential candidates during elections. This study investigates how voters in rural areas of Nigeria sought information about presidential candidates in the 2019 presidential elections. Relying on previous studies and constructs of the two-step hypothesis/opinion leadership theory, it was assumed that voters in rural areas had poor access to the mass media. In addition, they obtained information about presidential candidates and their programmes through opinion leaders who might have greater access to the mass media. The study also identified factors influencing voters on their choice of presidential candidate. Information was obtained from a sample size of one thousand voters and were randomly stratified based on the six geo-political zones of the country. In addition to this, one Focus Group Discussion was held in each of the six zones to enhance the validity and reliability of data obtained. Among other findings, the study revealed that residents of rural and sub-urban areas are gaining more access to the mass media (radio, TV and social media) and are more likely to vote the presidential candidate of the party they are affiliated with, irrespective of the personal qualities of the candidate. Keywords: Influence, Information, Media, Voter, Preference, Election,}, keywords = {IJARI}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJAMARD1901001, title = {Groundwater Evaluation of Sedimentary Formation and Basement Complex}, author = {Nigeria, Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/IJAMARD-19-01-001.pdf}, issn = {2545-5354}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-11-10}, journal = {International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Academic Research and Development}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {6}, abstract = {In the basement complex, the aquifers usually exist under water table conditions because they are unconfined while the sedimentary basins show greater complexity because water may be obtained from more than one horizon in a vertical profile. This study examines the effect of waste and the environment on the quality of groundwater of the sedimentary formations and basement complex of part of Ogun State, Nigeria. Samples of water were taken from Water Corporation, borehole water, water sold in sachets and well waters from the geologic areas under study with Water Corporation sample serving as control experiment. In addition to this, the depths were measured to determine the depth of wells and ground water levels. Using grab method, representative samples were taken from the effluent from the industries, 3 wells at measured distances 288.20m, 468.30m and 1219.20m respectively from the point of discharge of the waste. The samples and effluent from the sedimentary formations and basement complex were, in line with APHA (1985), tested for physico-chemical and microbiological parameters and the results compared with available standards. The results revealed that the activities of the industries have tremendously affected the quality of groundwater in the basement complex area and, when the results from sedimentary formations were compared with acceptable standard, some were found to be suspects in terms of quality. In line with available and acceptable global practice, in order to prevent widespread of water related diseases, methods of reducing these parameters in the wells were recommended for the inhabitants. }, keywords = {IJAMARD}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJACIE-19-01-001, title = {Effects of Varying Parameters on Underground Structures (Pipes) Due to Seismic Action of Surface Accidental Explosion}, author = {Nigeria, Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/IJACIE-19-01-001.pdf}, issn = {ISSN: 2550-7192}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-11-10}, journal = {International Journal of Advances in Civil and Infrastructure Engineering}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {1-6}, abstract = {Behavior of underground pipes due to accidental explosion above the ground surface was studied using finite element based numerical code, ABAQUS. Pressure load parameters from accidental explosions above the ground surface but very close to the ground surface were estimated using Unified Facilities Criteria (2008). Using the ground movement parameters, behaviors of modeled steel and concrete pipes buried in loose sand, dense sand and undrained clay were examined and parametric studies carried out. For the elastic, homogeneous and isotropic materials considered, the values of Young’s modulus, E, Poisson’s ratio, υ and densities of steel, concrete, loose sand, dense sand and undrained clay as revealed by several researchers and pipe manufacturers were used to observed the behavior of underground pipes buried at 1m depth due to loads from accidental explosion above the ground surface and parameters varied. Time integration technique of finite difference and finite element in ABAQUS/Explicit numerical code was used to solve the governing dynamic equation of motion. The observed parameters are displacement, pressure, mises and strain at the crown, invert and sprig-line of pipes buried in different soil media. From the results, there is no remarkable changes in the behavior of all the coefficient of friction investigated while there is reduction in mises, stress and displacement as the thickness of steel and concrete pipes increases. There is reduction in crown and spring-line as the Young’s modulus of soil and pipe increases while all the observed parameters increases as the pressure loads increases in steel and concrete pipes.}, keywords = {IJACIE}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJAGCFM-19-01-001, title = {Effects of Loading Wave Velocity on Various Behaviors of Underground Structures}, author = {Nigeria, Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/IJAGCFM-19-01-001.pdf}, issn = {ISSN: 2550-7222}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-11-10}, journal = {International Journal of Applied Geophysics and Computational Fluid Mechanics}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {1-6}, abstract = {Behavior of underground pipes due to underground accidental explosion was studied using finite element based numerical code, ABAQUS. Using numerical method, the values of the loading wave velocities, Cp (m/s) were estimated and the ground movement parameters were used to study the behaviors of modeled steel and concrete pipes buried in loose sand, dense sand and undrained clay. The boundary condition of the model is either fixed or roller. Raleigh damping is meant to reflect physical damping in the actual material. Contrary to our usual engineering intuition, introducing damping to the solution reduces the stable time increment. A small amount of numerical damping is introduced in the form of bulk viscosity to control high frequency oscillations. For the elastic, homogeneous and isotropic materials considered, the values of Young’s modulus, E, Poisson’s ratio, υ and densities of steel, concrete, loose sand, dense sand and undrained clay as revealed by several researchers and pipe manufacturers were used to observed the behavior of underground pipes due to loads from underground accidental explosion and parameters varied. Time integration technique of finite difference and finite element in ABAQUS/Explicit numerical code was used to solve the governing dynamic equation of motion. From the results,, for a given loading wave velocity, displacement in pipes is almost constant at all embedment ratios considered irrespective of the material properties. Irrespective of the ground media, as the seismic velocity increases, displacement increases linearly and for low stiffness pipes buried at low depth of burial, especially in undrained clay soil, there is need for explosion resistance evaluation}, keywords = {IJAGCFM}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJAMAE-19-01-001, title = {Variation of Energy and Principal Stress Components in Underground Structures Due to Seismic Action of Surface Accidental Explosion}, author = {Nigeria, Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/IJAMAE-19-01-001.pdf}, issn = {ISSN: 2550-7206}, year = {2019}, date = {2019-11-10}, journal = {International Journal of Advanced Modeling and Analysis in Engineering}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {1-6}, abstract = {This study examines the principal stress components and variation of total energy generated in pipes buried loose sand, dense sand and undrained clay in different embedment rations due to seismic action of accidental explosion above the ground surface. In this study, pipes buried in infinite elastic, homogeneous and isotropic soil media was study using ABAQUS numerical code and accidental explosion above the ground surface was assumed to take place far away from the buried pipes. As a result, the material property was assumed to be linear, elastic, homogeneous and isotropic and therefore the two elastic constants as revealed by various researchers and pipe manufacturers were used in the study. Load parameters from accidental explosions above the ground surface but very close to the ground surface were estimated using Unified Facilities Criteria (2008) and pipes were laid horizontally with no joint. The contact between the soil and pipe was defined for ‘no slip’ condition and therefore it is assumed that perfect bond exist between the soil and the pipe. Boundary conditions were defined with respect to global Cartesian axis and time integration technique in ABAQUS/Explicit was used to solve the equation of motion with initial conditions Parameters observed are stress components and variation of total energy generated in pipes buried in different soil media. The increase in total energy and principal stress components at integrated points, from the results, are higher in pipes buried in undrained clay than pipes buried in loose sand and dense sand, indicative of the fact that undrained clay is likely to be problematic with respect to the seismic action of surface accidental explosion}, keywords = {IJAMAE}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJAERT701001, title = {Permeability Potentials and Characteristics of Plastic Pellet Stabilized Sedimentary Formation}, author = {Nigeria, Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/IJAERT-18-01-001.pdf}, issn = {ISSN: 2545-5931}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-11-28}, journal = {International Journal of Academy of Engineering Research and Theory}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {1-4}, abstract = {Engineering constructions require large quantities of lateritic soils where drainage is very important. Therefore construction of these infrastructures by using the available soils especially the laterite is more beneficial in relation to their characteristics as construction material that would allow the passage of water when saturated. In other to mitigate the harmful effect of plastic waste in the environment, it is necessary to determine the various ways by which it could be used in construction and geotechnical industries. In this study, the lateritic soil used was taken on the Ibeshe-Ewekoro-Ilaro Formation at Ajegunle, along Papalanto-Ilaro road, Ogun State, Nigeria and the solid plastic wastes were taken from plastic recycling plant at Papalanto, Ogun State, Nigeria. The plastic wastes were cut into pellets passing through 5mm sieve and then substituted for lateritic soil from 0% to 50% at 5% interval for the tests while 0% served as control experiment. The test conducted in line with BS 1377 (1990) on plastic pellet stabilized lateritic soil is falling head permeability. From the results, it was observed that permeability parameters increases as the percentage of plastic pellet substitution increases with interesting increase at above 30% plastic pellet substitution. The use of plastic for in construction industry would reduce the quantities of plastic waste generated, and therefore, environmental risks and hazards caused by plastic wastes would be greatly reduced if not completely eliminated.}, keywords = {IJAERT}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJACIE701001, title = {Settlement Potentials and Characteristics of Plastic Pellet Stabilized Sedimentary Formation}, author = {Nigeria, Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/IJACIE-18-01-001.pdf}, isbn = {ISSN: 2550-7192}, year = {2018}, date = {2018-11-28}, journal = {International Journal of Advances in Civil and Infrastructure Engineering}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {1-4}, abstract = {Structure built over a layer of saturated clay will result to consolidation settlement if the water table is lower permanently in a stratum overlaying a clay layer. The time taken for settlement is a factor that can influence the design and construction of civil engineering infrastructures. The coefficient of compressibility is the most suitable of all the consolidation parameters for direct estimation of settlement. In the world today, plastic waste has constituted environmental nuisance most especially in developing nations. Due to non-biodegradable nature of plastic waste, there is need to find alternative use, most especially in construction industry. In this study, the lateritic soil used was taken on the Ibeshe-Ewekoro-Ilaro Formation at Abalabi, along Papalanto-Ilaro road, Ogun State, Nigeria and the solid plastic wastes were taken from plastic recycling plant at Papalanto, Ogun State, Nigeria. The plastic wastes were cut into pellets passing through 5mm sieve and then substituted for lateritic soil from 0% to 50% at 5% interval while 0% plastic pellet substitution served as control experiment. For settlement potentials, 90% consolidation tests conducted on the composite materials of plastic pellet stabilized lateritic soil in line with BS 1377 (1990). From the results, coefficient of volume compressibility (Mv) and oedometer settlement (Soed) increases at certain dosage of plastic pellet increases in the lateritic soil. The use of plastic as lateritic soil stabilizers will reduce the quantity of waste and therefore, environmental risks and hazards caused by plastic waste would be greatly reduced if not completely eliminated.}, keywords = {IJACIE}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJAGIE1701001, title = {CBR Strength Characteristics of a Laterite Stabilized with 2% to 10% (Low Dosage) Thermoplastic}, author = {Nigeria, Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/IJAGIE-17-01-001.pdf}, issn = {ISSN: 2545-5559}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-12-12}, journal = {International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {1-11}, abstract = {This study is aimed at investigating the usability of thermoplastic as an alternative for construction materials with a view to reducing environmental hazard caused by plastic waste. The lateritic soil used was taken at Ajegunle, Abalabi (6 53’ 13.758”N, 3 7’ 59.994”E) along Papa-Ilaro road, Ogun State, Nigeria while the solid thermoplastic wastes were taken from plastic recycling plant at Papalanto (6 53’ 26.406”N, 310’ 21.788”E), Ogun state, Nigeria. The quantity of water which was used to obtain optimum moisture content and maximum dry density for lateritic soil (control, 0%) was determined. This water was then used to run CBR (soaked and unsoaked) tests for all thermoplastic substitutions. The thermoplastic waste were grounded into pellets passing through 5mm sieve and then substituted for lateritic soil from 2% to 10% (low dosage) at 2% interval for California Bearing Ration (CBR) test while 0% served as control experiment. The tests conducted in line with BS 1377 (1990) are sieve analysis, plasticity index determination, compaction, soaked and unsoaked CBR. From the results, it was observed that plastic pellet stabilized soil exhibit the same strength characteristic as lateritic soil while CBR value increases as percentage of plastic pellet increases for both soaked and unsoaked from 2% to 10% substitution. Consequently, plastic pellet could be used as a substitute as well as stabilizing agent in lateritic soil for construction material. Therefore, environmental risk and hazard caused by plastic waste could be reduced if not completely eliminated. Keywords: Thermoplastic, Laterite, Soil, Strength, Plasticity, CBR, Soaked, Unsoaked.}, keywords = {IJAGIE}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJAMARD1701001, title = {Impact of Engineering in the Economic Development of a Nation – An Overview}, author = {Nigeria, Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/IJAMARD-17-01-001.pdf}, issn = {ISSN: 2545-5354}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-12-10}, journal = {International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Academic Research and Development}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {1-5}, abstract = {This paper examines the role and impact of engineering professions in the economic development of any nation with a view to strengthen the areas of weaknesses to further boot the economic generation and enhancing job opportunities within and outside the nation. The ingredients were thoroughly defined. Available certificated engineering professions in the world were examines. In addition to this, basic engineering tools and their contribution to the economic development of a nation was critically and objectively discussed. The various factors for the economic growth and decline in the manufacturing industries were equally analyzed within the context of the globally available opportunities and possible solutions and way forward were suggested. Finally, the technical capacity building plans were exhaustively discussed and if fully implemented, will strengthen the engineering profession and eventually act as catalyst to the growth of the profession and the economy of the country at large. Keywords: Engineering, Profession, Economy, Development, Innovation, Research}, keywords = {IJAMARD}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJAEMP1701001, title = {CBR Strength Characteristics of a Laterite Stabilized with 25% to 50% (High Dosage) Thermoplastic}, author = {Nigeria, Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/IJAEMP-17-01-001.pdf}, issn = {ISSN: 2550-7230}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-10-12}, journal = {International Journal of Advances in Engineering Materials and Processes}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {1-10}, abstract = {This study is aimed at investigating the possibility of using thermoplastic as an alternative for construction materials with a view to turning waste to job opportunities rather than problem or nuisance. The laterite used in this study was taken at Ajegunle, Abalabi (6 53’ 13.758”N, 3 7’ 59.994”E) along Papa-Ilaro road, Ogun State, Nigeria and the solid thermoplastic wastes were taken from a plastic recycling plant at Papalanto (6 53’ 26.406”N, 310’ 21.788”E), Ogun State, Nigeria. The thermoplastic waste were grounded into pellets passing through 5mm sieve and then substituted for lateritic soil from 25% to 50% (at 5% interval) for soaked and unsoaked California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test in line with BS 1377 (1990) while 0% served as control experiment. The tests conducted are soaked and unsoaked CBR. From the results, it was observed that plastic pellet stabilized soil exhibit the same CBR characteristics as lateritic soil while CBR value increases as percentage of plastic pellet increases for both soaked and unsoaked from 25% to 50% substitution. Based on the results of this study, plastic pellet could be used as a substitute as well as stabilizing agent in lateritic soil for road construction materials. Therefore, environmental risk and hazard caused by plastic waste could be greatly reduced if not completely eliminated. Keywords: Thermoplastic, Environment, Laterite, CBR, Soaked, Unsoaked, Waste}, keywords = {IJAEMP, IJARI, Proceedings of International Conference}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJARI-17-01-001, title = {CBR Strength Characteristics of a Laterite Stabilized with 12% to 20% (Medium Dosage) Thermoplastic}, author = {Nigeria, Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/IJARI-17-01-001.pdf}, issn = {2545 – 5214}, year = {2017}, date = {2017-10-12}, journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {1-9}, abstract = {This study is aimed at investigating the possibility of using thermoplastic as an alternative for road construction materials. This is with a view to recycling plastic wastes to stop the menace of environmental pollution. The lateritic soil used in this study was taken at Ajegunle, Abalabi (6 53’ 13.758”N, 3 7’ 59.994”E) along Papa-Ilaro road, Ogun State, Nigeria and the solid thermoplastic wastes were taken from plastic recycling plant at Papalanto (6 53’ 26.406”N, 310’ 21.788”E), Ogun State, Nigeria. The thermoplastic were grounded into pellets passing through 5mm sieve and then substituted for lateritic soil from a range of 12% to 20% at 2% interval for California Bearing Ratio (CBR) soaked and unsoaked tests while 0% served as control experiment. The tests conducted in line with BS 1377 (1990) are soaked and unsoaked CBR. From the results, it was observed that medium dosage plastic pellet stabilized lateritic soil exhibit the same strength characteristic as lateritic soil. In addition, the CBR values increases as percentage of plastic pellet increases for both soaked and unsoaked medium dosage substitutions. Based on the results of this study, plastic pellet could be used as a substitute and stabilizing agent in lateritic soil for construction material. Therefore, environmental risk and hazard caused by plastic waste could be greatly reduced. Keywords: Thermoplastic, Environment, Laterite, CBR, Soaked, Unsoaked}, keywords = {IJARI}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{IJARI-01-001, title = {Characteristics of Densified Plastic Pellet Stabilized Lateritic Soil to Reduce the Impact of Accidental Explosions on Underground Structures}, author = {Nigeria, Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/IJARI-01-001.pdf}, issn = {2545 - 5214}, year = {2016}, date = {2016-11-18}, journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation}, volume = {1}, number = {1}, pages = {1-7}, abstract = {This study examines the effect of compacted plastic pellets stabilized lateritic soil to reduce the impact of accidental explosions on underground structures. In this study, lateritic soil and plastic were taken from Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. The plastic wastes were grounded into pellets and substituted with laterite. The tests were conducted in line with BS 1377 (1990) to determine the moisture content and compaction. The results were compared with the simulated results of Olarewaju (2013) in the study of the response of underground structures due to blast loads. In the said work, soil and pipes were modeled; loads from accidental explosions were estimated using Unified Facilities Criteria (2008). Various constituents of blast considered are ground media, pipes, intervening medium, blast, blast characteristics and method of analysis (finite element formulation and solution using ABAQUS/Explicit in ABAQUS). From the results, the lowest dry density value is 0.96kg/m3 and 1.130 kg/m3 respectively at 30% plastic pellets mixed with lateritic soil. In the work of Olarewaju (2013), dimensionless deflection at the crown, invert and spring-line of underground pipes in loose material is low compared to dense material. It is clear that at 30% and above plastic substitution, the density is relatively low and this could as soft backfill material reduce the impact of accidental explosions on underground structures. Consequently, loads arising from various accidental explosions on underground structures would be greatly reduce, if not completely eliminated Keywords: Plastic Pellets, Explosion, Laterite, Underground, Structures}, keywords = {Book Chapter, Booklet, BOOKS, IJAERT, IJAMARD, IJARI, IJASRE, IJPAAR, Masters Thesis, PhD Thesis, Proceedings, Thesis}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{, urldate = {2024-06-10}, keywords = {IJARI}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, issn = {2545-5931}, urldate = {2022-02-28}, keywords = {IJAERT}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, urldate = {2022-02-28}, keywords = {IJAERT}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, urldate = {2022-02-28}, keywords = {IJAERT}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} } @article{, editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU}, urldate = {2022-02-28}, keywords = {IJAERT}, pubstate = {published}, tppubtype = {article} }