Publication Search

@article{IJARI2202006,

title = {IMPROVEMENT ON ALPHA-BETA BEHAVIOUR ANALYSIS FOR RAIN PREDICTION OF RADIO PROPAGATION SYSTEMS},

author = {AFOLAYAN A. OLUMIDE and OYELEKE OLAOSEBIKAN},

editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},

url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IJARI-22-02-006.pdf},

issn = {2545–5214},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-12-08},

journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation},

volume = {2},

issue = {2},

pages = {35 - 42},

abstract = {A good knowledge of the effect of rain in the design of satellite and terrestrial microwave radio links is of interest to engineers and scientists. In equal importance is the role plays by tropical rainfall in agricultural practices and in ensuring the constant availability of atmospheric wind circulation as a result of latent heat energy produced by tropical rainfall.  A good prediction often required for guaranteeing high level of accuracy of the rain rate distribution from the lowest rain rate value to the highest. The present work proposes an improved model that expresses rain rate as a function of alpha and beta obtained at 0.01% of the time when tested. Observational data from tropical regions especially along equatorial region were used, with two locations in Nigeria. The results obtained are shown to be reliable for discussing the performance of the rain intensities of between 5mm/h to 200mm/h.



Keywords: Rain, Radio, Program, Alpha, Beta, Behaviour, Rate},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{IJAGCFM-22-001,

title = {CELL SELECTION TECHNIQUE FOR INTERFERENCE MITIGATION IN HETEROGENEOUS NETWORKS},

author = {Afolayan, A. O. and Akinola, N. A.},

editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},

url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/09/IJAGCFM-22-001.pdf},

issn = {2550-7222},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-12-01},

urldate = {2022-12-01},

journal = {International Journal of Applied Geophysics and Computational Fluid Mechanics},

volume = {1},

issue = {2},

pages = {1 - 5},

abstract = {The significant advances in cellular networks and mobile devices have led to a rapidly growing demand for high speed multimedia applications. The co-existence of macro eNodeBs and the additional low power nodes (LPNs) could lead to higher interference in LTE-Advanced Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets). Due to high transmission power emitted by macro cell, very few users will be off-loaded to nearby pico cell which leads to underutilization of pico cells in HetNets. Hence, in practical HetNets scenario, Range Extension (RE) is a promising scheme to utilize the low power node (LPN) resources more effectively and improve the cell edge performance. With the help of CRE, user equipment (UE) will add a bias value to actual signal strength received from pico cell and thereby offload their traffic from macro cell to pico cell. However, if the bias value is not properly set in a way to capture the users’ distribution and network density, it may introduce more interference. In this paper, a solution of Intelligent Pico Cell Range Expansion which calculates the optimal and effective bias value for each mobile station independently is been proposed. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can reduce the number of outage and increase the number of offloaded UE in HetNet.



Keywords: Cell Association, Cell Range Expansion, Heterogeneous, Networks, Inter-Cell Interference, Pico Cell},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{IJARI2202005,

title = {ASSESSMENT OF THE STATUS OF RADIOTHERAPY SERVICES IN NIGERIA: AN INTERVENTION TO IMPROVE THE SITUATION},

author = {Andrew Olumide AFOLAYAN},

editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},

url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/IJARI-22-02-005.pdf},

issn = {2545–5214},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-12-01},

urldate = {2022-12-01},

journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation},

volume = {2},

issue = {2},

pages = {30 - 34},

abstract = {As an important component of cancer control programs, the scarcity of radiation therapy resources in Nigeria is becoming more severe as cancer incidence increases. This study analyses and suggests possible solutions to the causes of this rather disastrous state of radiation therapy in Nigeria. In the study the available radiotherapy centers in Nigeria were analyzed, while relevant information about the types and number of radiotherapy equipments was obtained using retrospective method of data collection. Results showed that between 2001and 2014 the number of megavoltage therapy machines has reached nine from five, with at least one therapy machine situated in nine of the radiotherapy center. Nigeria is the most populated African country with a population of at least 160 million people based on 2006 population census and average annual growth rate of 3.10%, giving only a marginal improvement in the radiotherapy service. The results also showed that these facilities are concentrated in the southern and northern states of the country. Although progress has been made in the establishment of radiation therapy services in Nigeria, a large need still exists for training of manpower in all fields of specialization related to radiotherapy service in order to adequately care for the multitude of cancer patients. Radiotherapy centers need to be established in Nigeria, due to the increasing number of patients requiring the facility. Awareness of such centers should be raised among medical practitioners and the populace.



Keywords: Radiotherapy, Cancer, Megavoltage Therapy Machine, Linear Accelerator.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{IJAGIE-22-013,

title = {Consolidation Parameters and Settlement Potentials of Black Cotton Soil Stabilized Sedimentary Formation of Part of South-Western Nigeria},

author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU and Hakeem Adesoji SANNI},

editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},

url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/IJAGIE-22-013.pdf},

issn = {2545-5559},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-10-15},

urldate = {2022-10-15},

journal = {International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering},

volume = {2},

number = {1},

issue = {1},

pages = {89 - 97},

abstract = {Black cotton soils are characterized by their damaging attributes which include erosion, expansion, excessive creep, high compressibility, heaving, subsidence, dispersion and swelling. Problematic soils have some additional unique properties including low bearing capacity, high water absorption, and low permeability, among others. Palm kernel shells are not common material in the construction industry. This is either because they are not available in very large quantities as sand or gravel, or because their use for such has not been encouraged. For some time now, the stakeholders’ have been clamoring for the use of local materials in the construction industry to limit the cost of construction. There has therefore been a greater call for the sourcing and development of alternative, non-conventional local construction materials. Therefore there is need to look at the possibility of mitigating the problems of black cotton soils using locally available materials. One of such is palm kernel shells. The black cotton (expansive) soil was obtained from a borrow pit on the sedimentary formation at Idogo in Ogun State, South-Western Nigeria. The borrow site lies within the coordinates 6⁰ 50' 6" N and 2⁰ 58' 42" E. The black cotton soils used in the study were collected from depths between 0.3-1.0m below ground level. The palm kernel shell wastes were taken from palm oil producing plant along Ilaro-Owode Road, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. The quantity of water which was used to obtain optimum moisture content and maximum dry density for black cotton soil (i. e. control, 0%) was determined. This water was then used to run 90% consolidation tests. The palm kernel shells were broken into pieces passing through 5mm sieve and then substituted for black cotton soil from 0% to 50% at 10% intervals while 0% palm kernel shell substitution served as control experiment. In line with BS 1377 (1990) and other relevant codes, consolidation tests were conducted on the saturated and unsaturated composite materials of black cotton on sedimentary formation mixed varying degrees of palm kernel shells for the determination of consolidation parameters and possible settlement potentials. This will help to find a way of incorporating solid palm kernel shells into engineering advantage thereby helping to reduce the nuisance and menace caused by solid palm kernel shell waste in the environment and leading to a more stable environment.



Keywords: Sedimentary Formation, Consolidation Parameters, Palm Kernel Shell, Settlement Potentials},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{IJAGIE-22-012,

title = {Compaction Behaviors of Black Cotton Soil on Basement Complex and Sedimentary Formation of Part of South-Western Nigeria},

author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU and Gbenro Oyedele RAJI},

editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},

url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/IJAGIE-22-012.pdf},

issn = {2545-5559},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-08-25},

urldate = {2022-08-25},

journal = {International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering},

volume = {2},

number = {1},

pages = {84 - 88},

abstract = {Expansive soils are one of those kinds of soils whose volume change takes place while it comes in contact with water. It expands during the rainy season due to intake of water and shrinks during dry season. The wetting and drying process of a sub-grade layer composed of black cotton soil result into failure of pavements in form of settlement and cracking. Therefore, prior to construction of a road on such sub-grade, it is important either to remove the existing soil and replace it with a non-expansive soil or to improve the engineering properties of the existing soil by stabilization using additives such as egg shell powder and palm kernel shell which is source locally The black cotton (expansive) soil was obtained from a borrow pit on the basement complex at Igbo-Ora in Oyo State, South-Western Nigeria. The borrow site lies within the coordinates Longitude 7⁰24'45" and latitude 3⁰18'34". Another black cotton (expansive) soil was obtained from a borrow pit on the sedimentary formation at Idogo in Ogun State, South-Western Nigeria. The borrow site lies within the coordinates 6⁰ 50' 6" N and 2⁰ 58' 42" E. The black cotton soils used in the study were collected from depths between 0.3-1.0m below ground level. In line with BS 1377 (1990) and other relevant codes, compaction tests were conducted on the black cotton soils on basement complex and sedimentary formation for the determination of maximum dry density, bulk density and optimum moisture content of the natural soils. From the results, the bulk and dry densities of black cotton soil on the sedimentary formation are higher than that of basement complex while the later required more test water content to achieve the maximum bulk and dry densities. The optimum moisture content of basement complex is higher than that of sedimentary formation. It could be seen from the results that the type of formation played a prominent role in their behaviors to the compactive efforts.



Keywords: Black Cotton Soil; Basement Complex; Sedimentary Formation; Dry Density; Optimum Moisture Content.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{IJAGIE-22-011,

title = {Consistency Characteristics and Behaviors of Palm Kernel Shell Stabilized Black Cotton Soil on Basement complex of Part of South-Western Nigeria},

author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU and Saheed Laide AKINRINADE},

editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},

url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/IJAGIE-22-011.pdf},

issn = {2545-5559},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-08-23},

urldate = {2022-08-23},

journal = {International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering},

volume = {2},

number = {1},

pages = {78 - 83},

abstract = {Expansive soils tend to be strong in its dry state but when in a wet condition, it tends to lose its strength. The low strength and excessive volume changes of black cotton soil make their use in constructions very difficult. The properties of the black cotton soil may be altered in many ways through mechanical, chemical and other means. Therefore, it becomes very important to investigate the physical and engineering properties associated with the black cotton soil especially as a construction material. The black cotton (expansive) soil was obtained from a borrow pit on the basement complex at Igbo-Ora in Oyo State, South-Western Nigeria. The borrow site lies within the coordinates Longitude 7⁰24'45" and latitude 3⁰18'34". The black cotton soils used in the study were collected from depths between 0.3-1.0m below ground level. The palm kernel shell wastes were taken from palm oil producing plant along Ilaro-Owode Road, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. The palm kernel shells were broken into pieces passing through 5mm sieve and then substituted for black cotton soil from 0% to 30% at 10% intervals while 0% palm kernel shell substitution served as control experiment. In line with BS 1377 (1990) and other relevant codes, consistency tests were conducted on the composite materials of black cotton on basement complex mixed varying degrees of palm kernel shells, for the determination of liquid limit, plastic limit, etc. From the results, shrinkage limit reduced from 2.0cm for 0% substitution to 1.5cm for 30% substitution of palm kernel shell substitution in black cotton soil on basement complex. The percentage shrinkage limit became constant at 30% palm kernel shell substitution which is an indication that the optimum percentage substitution of palm kernel shell in black cotton soil on basement complex is 30%.



Keywords: Expansive Soil, Consistency, Basement Complex, Palm Kernel Shell},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{IJAGIE-22-010,

title = {Consistency Characteristics and Behaviors of Palm Kernel Shell Stabilized Black Cotton Soil on Sedimentary Formation of Part of South-Western Nigeria},

author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU and Adeniyi Francis ADEWUNMI},

editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},

url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/IJAGIE-22-010.pdf},

issn = {2545-5559},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-08-19},

urldate = {2022-08-19},

journal = {International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering},

volume = {2},

number = {1},

pages = {72 - 77},

abstract = {The disposal of waste materials is a big problem in the developing country like Nigeria. As a result of lack of land required for disposal technique. The substitution of these waste materials in the form of stabilizing agent in the soil stabilization is a modern approach by which waste materials can be of advantage in civil engineering projects. The idea behind the technique of soil stabilization is that the finer particles of soil are replaced with coarser particles of the waste material so that a composite material is formed having an interlocking ability with better geotechnical properties. The black cotton (expansive) soil was obtained from a borrow pit on the sedimentary formation at Idogo in Ogun State, South-Western Nigeria. The borrow site lies within the coordinates 6⁰ 50' 6" N and 2⁰ 58' 42" E. The black cotton soils used in the study were collected from depths between 0.3-1.0m below ground level. The palm kernel shell wastes were taken from palm oil producing plant along Ilaro-Owode Road, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. The quantity of water which was used to obtain optimum moisture content and maximum dry density for black cotton soil (i. e. control, 0%) was determined. This water was then used to run consistency tests. The palm kernel shells were broken into pieces passing through 5mm sieve and then substituted for black cotton soil from 0% to 30% at 10% intervals while 0% palm kernel shell substitution served as control experiment. In line with BS 1377 (1990) and other relevant codes, consistency tests were conducted on the composite materials of black cotton on sedimentary formation mixed varying degrees of palm kernel shells for the determination of liquid limit, plastic limit, etc. The observed or measured parameters reduce as the palm kernel shell substitutions increases. It is evidently clear from the results that the percentage shrinkage limit became constant at 30% palm kernel shell substitution in black cotton soil on sedimentary formation which is an indication of constancy of volume.



Keywords: Expansive Soil, Consistency, Sedimentary Formation, Palm Kernel Shell.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{IJAGIE-22-09,

title = {CBR Characteristics and Behaviors of Black Cotton Soil on Sedimentary Formation},

author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU and Ayodeji Solomon ADEBESIN},

editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},

url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/IJAGIE-22-009.pdf},

issn = {2545-5559},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-08-16},

urldate = {2022-08-16},

journal = {International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering},

volume = {2},

number = {1},

pages = {64 - 71},

abstract = {Black cotton soils are characterized by their damaging attributes which include erosion, expansion, excessive creep, high compressibility, heaving, subsidence, dispersion and swelling. Problematic soils have some additional unique properties including low bearing capacity, high water absorption, low permeability, among others. The black cotton (expansive) soil was obtained from a borrow pit on the sedimentary formation at Idogo in Yewa South Local Government, Ogun State, South-Western Nigeria. The borrow site lies within the coordinates 6⁰ 50' 6" N and 2⁰ 58' 42" N. The black cotton soils used in the study were collected from depths between 0.3-1.0m below ground level. In line with BS 1377 (1990) and other relevant codes, California Bearing-Ratio (CBR) tests were conducted on the materials of black cotton on sedimentary formation to determine the suitability of the natural expansive soil for use as sub-grade, sub-base or base materials. It is evidently clear from the results that the CBR value of the soil is low and could be classified as poor soil. Even though the soil could be used as sub-grade, and in order to reduce the overall construction cost of highways, it will still be required that soil be stabilized with any of the locally available stabilized agents or materials.



Keywords: Sedimentary Formation, California Bearing-Ratio, Pavement, Strength},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{IJAGIE-22-08,

title = {California Bearing-Ratio Characteristics and Behaviors of Black Cotton Soil on Basement Complex of Part of South-Western Nigeria},

author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU and Rapheal Rafiu AFOLABI},

editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},

url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/IJAGIE-22-008-1.pdf},

issn = {2545-5559},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-08-14},

urldate = {2022-08-14},

journal = {International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering},

volume = {2},

number = {1},

pages = {55 - 63},

abstract = {Road construction as a viable means for economic advancement of any country requires much attention. The attention for this is in different facet and the mode of construction as well as cost of construction affects the quality and size of the road to be constructed. Developing nation with verse arable land and inter lands needs enough quality roads to link the rural areas with the urban areas where mainly agricultural activities are done in large scale. The black cotton (expansive) soil was obtained from a borrow pit on the basement complex at Igbo-Ora in Oyo State, South-Western Nigeria. The borrow site (Figure 1) lies within the coordinates Longitude 7⁰24'45" and latitude 3⁰18'34". The black cotton soils used in the study were collected from depths between 0.3-1.0m below ground level. In line with BS 1377 (1990) and other relevant codes, California Bearing-Ratio (CBR) tests were conducted on the materials of black cotton (on basement complex) to determine the suitability of the expansive soil for use as sub-grade, sub-base or base materials in road construction. It is evidently clear from the results that the CBR value of the soil is low and could be classified as poor soil. Even though the soil could be used as sub-grade, and in order to reduce the overall construction cost of highways, it will still be required that soil be stabilized with any of the locally available stabilized agents or materials.



Keywords: California Bearing Ratio, Sub-grade, Sub-base, Base Course, Pavement},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{IJAGIE-22-07,

title = {Consistency Behaviors of Eggshell Powder Stabilized Black Cotton Soil on Sedimentary Formation of Part of South-Western Nigeria},

author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU and Oluwasegun Samuel OLAREWAJU},

editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},

url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/IJAGIE-22-007-1.pdf},

issn = {2545-5559},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-08-03},

urldate = {2022-08-03},

journal = {International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering},

volume = {2},

number = {1},

pages = {48 - 54},

abstract = {Soils which undergo large volume changes with change in water content like black cotton may be troublesome if used for highway or railroad fills or if structural foundations are placed on them. The soil volume changes result in bumps in roads and cracks in structures since the volume changes may not, and usually will not, be equal. The liquid and plastic limits may be used to predict potential problems in soils due to volume changes. However, to obtain quantitative indication of how much change in moisture can occur before any appreciable volume change occurs and to obtain, if volume change does occur, an indication of the amount of change, a shrinkage-limit test should be performed. The black cotton (expansive) soil used in this study was obtained from a borrow pit on the basement complex at Idogo in Yewa South Local Government, Ogun State, South-Western Nigeria. The borrow site lies within the coordinates 6⁰ 50' 6" N and 2⁰ 58' 42" N. The black cotton soils used in the study were collected from depths between 0.3-1.0m below ground level. The eggshell wastes were taken from Obasanjo Farms, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria along Ilaro-Owode Road, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. The eggshells were grounded into powder and then substituted for black cotton soil from 0% to 30% at 10% intervals while 0% eggshell powder substitution served as control experiment. In line with BS 1377 (1990) and other relevant codes, consistency tests were conducted on the composite materials of black cotton (on sedimentary formation) mixed varying degrees of eggshell powder for the determination of liquid limit, plastic limit, etc. It is evidently clear from the results that the percentage shrinkage limit became constant at 30% eggshell powder substitution in black cotton soil on sedimentary formation which is an indication of constancy of volume.



Keywords: Black Cotton Soil, Consistency, Sedimentary Formation, Eggshell Powder.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{IJAGIE-22-06,

title = {Consistency Characteristics and Behaviors of Eggshell Powder Stabilized Black Cotton Soil on Basement Complex of Part of South-Western Nigeria},

author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU and Oluwale Adisa OGUNJIMI},

editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},

url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/IJAGIE-22-006-1.pdf},

issn = {2545-5559},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-08-01},

urldate = {2022-08-01},

journal = {International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering},

volume = {2},

number = {1},

pages = {41 - 47},

abstract = {Expansive soils are one of those kinds of soils whose volume change takes place while it comes in contact with water. Therefore, prior to construction of a road on such sub-grade, it is important either to remove the existing soil and replace it with a non-expansive soil or to improve the engineering properties of the existing soil by stabilization using additives which are sourced locally. The black cotton (expansive) soil was obtained from a borrow pit on the basement complex at Igbo-Ora in Oyo State, South-Western Nigeria. The borrow site lies within the coordinates Longitude 7⁰24'45" and latitude 3⁰18'34". The black cotton soils used in the study were collected from depths between 0.3-1.0m below ground level. The eggshell wastes were taken from Obasanjo Farms, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria along Ilaro-Owode Road, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. The eggshells were grounded into powder and then substituted for black cotton soil from 0% to 30% at 10% intervals while 0% eggshell powder substitution served as control experiment. In line with BS 1377 (1990) and other relevant codes, consistency tests were conducted on the composite materials of black cotton (on basement complex) mixed with varying degrees of eggshell powder for the determination of liquid limit, plastic limit, shrinkage limit, etc. It is evidently clear from the results that the percentage shrinkage limit became constant at 30% eggshell powder substitution in black cotton soil on basement complex which is an indication of constancy of volume.



Keywords: Black Cotton Soil, Consistency, Basement Complex, Eggshell Powder},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{IJAGIE-22-05,

title = {Pressure Load Characteristics of Unsaturated Eggshell Powder Stabilized Black Cotton Soil on Basement Complex of Part of South-Western Nigeria},

author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU and Ayodele Samuel BAMISAYE},

editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},

url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/IJAGIE-22-0055.pdf},

issn = {2545-5559},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-07-31},

urldate = {2022-07-31},

journal = {International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering},

volume = {2},

number = {1},

pages = {33 - 40},

abstract = {Soil stabilization either by mechanical or chemical means is the remedy for shrinkage and swelling of black cotton soil to create an improved soil material possessing the desired engineering properties. Soils may be stabilized to increase strength and durability of the black cotton soil. Regardless of the purpose for stabilization, the desired result is the creation of a soil material or soil system that will remain in place under the design use conditions for the design life of the civil engineering project. The black cotton (expansive) soil was obtained from a borrow pit on the basement complex at Igbo-Ora in Oyo State, South-Western Nigeria. The borrow site lies within the coordinates Longitude 7⁰24'45" and latitude 3⁰18'34". The eggshell wastes were taken from Obasanjo Farms, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria along Ilaro-Owode Road, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. The quantity of water which was used to obtain optimum moisture content and maximum dry density for black cotton soil (i. e. control, 0%) was determined. This water was then used to run consolidation tests. The eggshells were grounded into powder and then substituted for black cotton soil from 0% to 30% at 10% intervals for consolidation and settlement parameters determination while 0% eggshell powder substitution served as control experiment. In line with BS 1377 (1990), 90% consolidation tests were conducted on unsaturated composite materials of black cotton soil mixed with varying degrees of eggshell powder to determine the compression and expansion characteristics for the 1-hour soaked samples. From the preliminary results, compression behavior is linear meaning; it is directly proportional to time for all the substitutions investigated while there is no reduction during expansion above 20% substitution while removing the load. The rate and magnitude of expansion is zero for the 30% substitutions investigated. At 30% eggshell powder substitution in black cotton soil, expansion problem would be significantly reduced if not completely eliminated.



Keywords: Black Cotton Soil, Expansion, Compression, Unsaturated, Eggshell Powder.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{IJAGIE-22-04,

title = {Compression and Expansion Characteristics of Eggshell Powder Stabilized Black Cotton Soil on Basement Complex of Part of South-Western Nigeria},

author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU and David Oluwatomisin TELLA},

editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},

url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/10/IJAGIE-22-005.pdf},

issn = { 2545-5559},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-07-29},

urldate = {2022-07-29},

journal = {International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering},

volume = {2},

number = {1},

pages = {24 - 32},

abstract = {Black cotton soil is heavy clay soil which varies from clay to loam and it is generally light to dark grey in color. The most important characteristic of the soil is that when dry, it shrinks and is hard like stone and when wet it expands. The uncommon traits of the soil make it hard to construct foundation in such soil. Special method of construction of foundation is needed in such soil. The black cotton (expansive) soil was obtained from a borrow pit on the basement complex at Igbo-Ora in Oyo State, South-Western Nigeria. The borrow site lies within the coordinates Longitude 7⁰24'45" and latitude 3⁰18'34". The black cotton soils used in the study were collected from depths between 0.3-1.0m below ground level. The eggshell wastes were taken from Obasanjo Farms, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria along Ilaro-Owode Road, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. The quantity of water which was used to obtain optimum moisture content and maximum dry density for black cotton soil (i. e. control, 0%) was determined. This water was then used to run consolidation tests. The eggshells were grounded into powder and then substituted for black cotton soil from 0% to 30% at 10% intervals for consolidation and settlement parameters determination while 0% eggshell powder substitution served as control experiment. In line with BS 1377 (1990), 90% consolidation tests were conducted on composite materials of black cotton soil mixed with varying degrees of eggshell powder to determine the compression and expansion characteristics for the 24-hour soaked samples. From the results, compression behavior is linear meaning; it is directly proportional to time for all the substitutions investigated while there is no reduction during expansion above 20% substitution while removing the load. The rate and magnitude of expansion is zero for the 30% substitutions investigated. At 30% eggshell powder substitution in black cotton soil, expansion problem would be significantly reduced or completely eliminated.



Keywords: Black Cotton Soil, Expansion, Compression, Consolidation, Eggshell Powder.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{IJAGIE-22-03,

title = {Compression and Expansion Characteristics of Palm Kernel Shell Stabilized Black Cotton Soil on Basement Complex of Part of South-Western Nigeria},

author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU and Abdulwaheed Ahmed OLORUKO-OBA},

editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},

url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/IJAGIE-22-003.pdf},

issn = {2545-5559},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-07-26},

urldate = {2022-07-26},

journal = {International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering},

volume = {2},

number = {1},

pages = {15 - 23},

abstract = {Expansive soils are one of those kinds of soils whose volume change takes place while it comes in contact with water. It expands during the rainy season due to intake of water and shrinks during dry season. The properties of the black cotton soil may be altered in many ways through mechanical, chemical and other means. Therefore, it becomes very important to investigate the physical and engineering properties associated with the black cotton soil especially as a construction material or for foundation purposes. The black cotton (expansive) soil was obtained from a borrow pit on the basement complex at Igbo-Ora in Oyo State, South-Western Nigeria. The borrow site lies within the coordinates Longitude 7⁰24'45" latitude 3⁰18'34". The black cotton soils used in the study were collected from depths between 0.3-1.0m below ground level. The palm kernel shell wastes were taken from palm oil producing plant (Figure 1) along Ilaro-Owode Road, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. The quantity of water which was used to obtain optimum moisture content and maximum dry density for black cotton soil (i. e. control, 0%) was determined. This water was then used to run consolidation tests. The palm kernel shells were broken into pieces passing through 5mm sieve and then substituted for black cotton soil from 0% to 30% at 10% intervals for consolidation and settlement parameters determination while 0% palm kernel shell substitution served as control experiment. In line with BS 1377 (1990), 90% consolidation tests were conducted on composite materials of black cotton soil mixed with varying degrees of palm kernel shells to determine the compression and expansion characteristics for the 24-hour soaked samples. From the results, compression behavior is linear meaning, it is directly proportional to time for all the substitutions investigated while for the first 30 seconds, there is no remarkable and noticeable reduction during expansion while removing the load. The rate and magnitude of expansion is minimal for all the substitutions investigated.



Keywords: Black Cotton Soil, Expansion, Compression, Consolidation, Palm Kernel Shell.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{IJAGIE-22-02,

title = {Pressure Load Characteristics of Unsaturated Palm Kernel Shell Stabilized Black Cotton Soil on Basement Complex of Part of South-Western Nigeria},

author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU and Olayinka Ebenezer FALOLA},

editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},

url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/IJAGIE-22-002.pdf},

issn = {2545-5559},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-07-25},

journal = {International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering},

volume = {2},

number = {2},

pages = {7 - 14},

abstract = {Black cotton soil, because of its swelling and shrinkage characteristics is a challenge to geotechnical engineers. It is very hard when dry, but losses its strength completely when in wet condition. It exhibits very low bearing capacity, low permeability and high volume change due to the presence of montmorillonite and iolite clay minerals. Modification of black cotton soil by chemical admixtures is a common method for stabilizing the swell-shrink tendency of expansive soils. The black cotton (expansive) soil was obtained from a borrow pit on the basement complex at Igbo-Ora in Oyo State, South-Western Nigeria. The borrow pit site lies within the coordinates Longitude 7⁰24'45" and latitude 3⁰18'34". The black cotton soils used in the study were collected from depths between 0.3-1.0m below ground level. The palm kernel shell wastes were taken from palm oil producing plant along Ilaro-Owode Road, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. The quantity of water which was used to obtain optimum moisture content and maximum dry density for black cotton soil (i. e. control, 0%) was determined and was then used to run consolidation tests. The palm kernel shells were broken into pieces passing through 5mm sieve and then substituted for black cotton soil from 0% to 30% at 10% intervals for consolidation and settlement parameters determination while 0% palm kernel shell substitution served as control experiment. In line with BS 1377 (1990), 90% consolidation tests were conducted on composite materials of black cotton soil mixed with varying degrees of palm kernel shells to determine the compression and expansion characteristics for the 1-hour soaked samples. From the results, compression behavior is linear meaning, it is directly proportional to time for all the substitutions investigated while for the first 30 seconds, there is no remarkable and noticeable reduction during expansion while removing the load. The rate and magnitude of expansion is minimal for all the substitutions investigated.



Keywords: Black Cotton Soil, Unsaturated, Consolidation, Palm Kernel Shell.},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{IJAGIE-22-01,

title = {Coefficient of Consolidation of Saturated and Unsaturated Eggshell Powder Stabilized Lateritic Soil of Part of South-Western Nigeria},

author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU and Sunday Samuel OMOPARIOLA},

editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},

url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/IJAGIE-22-001.pdf},

issn = {2545-5559},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-07-21},

journal = {International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering},

volume = {2},

number = {1},

pages = {1 - 6},

abstract = {Eggshell is an agricultural waste which has been found to possess pozolanic property and has been used as partial replacement of cement in other materials. It is against this background that it is been used as a stabilizing agent on problematic lateritic soil. The laterite soil was obtained from a borrow pit at Ajegunle along Ilaro-Papalanto road, Yewa South Local Government Area in Ogun State, Nigeria. The borrow pit site lies within the coordinates 6°53’11.81”N and 3°7’44.88”E.The eggshells were obtained from Obasanjo Farms Nigeria Limited, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria and grounded to powder. In line with BS 1377 (1990) and other relevant codes of practice, consolidation tests on 1hour and 24hours soaked samples were conducted to determine the relevant consolidation parameters and settlement indices. Eggshell powder was substituted in the lateritic soil (sedimentary formation) in range of 0% to 50% with 0% serving as control experiment for both the 1-hour soaked and 24-hour soaked samples. The results indicated that for the 1hour soaked sample, the value of the coefficient of consolidation is within the range of 1.22 at 50% substitution to 1.68 at 10% substitution, while the range is 0.63 at 50% substitution to 1.60 at 20% substitution. Finally, from the results, coefficient of consolidation reduces as the percentage eggshell powder substitution increases. 

Keywords: Coefficient; Consolidation; Stabilization; Lateritic; Soil; Settlement; Eggshell Powder},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{IJARI-22-02-004,

title = {IMPROVING WATER USE EFFICIENCY IN PEPPER (CAPSICUM ANNUUM L.) PRODUCTION UNDER DRIP IRRIGATION IN ILARO, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA},

author = { Amori Anthony A., Fagbayide Samuel D., Akintade Joshua A. and Okusanya Muyiwa A.},

editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},

url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/IJARI-22-02-004.pdf},

issn = {2545 – 5214},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-29},

urldate = {2022-03-28},

journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation},

volume = {2},

number = {2},

pages = {21 - 29},

abstract = {Irrigation scheduling is pivotal for precision and sustainable farming, optimum crop growth and yield, as well as water use efficiency (WUE), especially in water-limited areas. The study aims to determine water use efficiency, as well as the effect of water stress on the yield of pepper under drip irrigation system. The study was conducted at the Agricultural and Bio-environmental Engineering Research Farm of the Federal Polytechnic Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. Four irrigation treatments were investigated. The experiment had four irrigation levels.  The first irrigation application treatment (A) consists of 100% of actual crop evapotranspiration (ET). The second (B) was 75% ET. The third (C) was 50% ET and fourth (D) consist of 25% ET. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications and 2 varieties of pepper: Capsicum annum and Capsicum frutescens. Irrigation applications were applied for 3 weeks after transplanting and thereafter continued for the whole growing season. Parameters such as such soil, agronomic and crop’s consumption water use were measured and the results subjected to statistical analysis. The results indicated that there was a significant difference between the WUE, yields and growth parameters under different levels of irrigation in the two pepper varieties. The results showed that water use efficiency, yields and other agronomic parameters such as plant height, number of leaves and fruit length and weight were higher during the studies periods for both pepper varieties under treatments A and B compared with other treatments C and D respectively. However, there was no significant difference in WUE of treatments A and B. Statistical analysis among the agronomic parameters showed a significant difference (p<0.05) in all the treatments. It was concluded that irrigating at 75% ET in the study area will result in water saving and maximum sustainable production of these pepper varieties.



Keywords: Drip, Irrigation, Pepper, Production, Water, Efficiency, Sustainable},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{IJARI-22-02-003,

title = {EFFECT OF INTERNAL CONTROL SYSTEM ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE OF DEPOSIT MONEY BANK IN NIGERIA},

author = {Ogunbanjo Fatai Olusegun and Bamgbose Tomiwa Peter},

editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},

url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/04/IJARI-22-02-003.pdf},

issn = {2545–5214},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-28},

urldate = {2022-03-28},

journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation},

volume = {2},

number = {2},

pages = {15 - 20},

abstract = {This study investigated the functionality of each of the three internal control components, effectiveness of the control system and its relationship with organizational performance. Sample size for this research was 210 respondents comprising of employees from 6 Banks in Nigeria. In this study, internal control was measured by three components whereas organizational performance was measured through performance. The financial statements of the sample banks for a period of five years were used. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Scientists (SPSS). The statistical methods of correlation and one-way ANOVA were used for the testing of the research hypotheses. The results showed that control environment as a proxy for internal control had a significant positive effect on the performance of deposit money banks in Nigeria. The results further showed that the risk management as a proxy for internal control had a significant positive effect on efficiency of deposit money banks in Nigeria. In addition, the results showed that the information and communication system as a proxy for internal control had a significant positive effect on efficiency of deposit money banks in Nigeria. Hence it was concluded that internal control effectiveness has a positive relationship with the financial performance of the Deposits Money Banks. The detailed evaluation and understanding of the internal control system effectiveness and its components provided valuable insights to managers and employees of how they could manage or improve their control systems in order to achieve greater operational as well as organizational performance.



Keywords:   Financial; Bank; Deposit; Performance; Organizations},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{IJARI-22-02-002,

title = {INFLUENCE OF MARKET SEGMENTATION ON INDUSTRIAL PRODUCT (A STUDY OF LARFAGE WAPCO NIGERIA PLC, SAGAMU, NIGERIA)},

author = { Musari, A. A. Awoniyi, M. I SOLARU, O. E. & Eleyowo I. O.},

editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},

url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/IJARI-22-02-002.pdf},

issn = {2545–5214},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-15},

urldate = {2022-03-15},

journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation},

volume = {2},

number = {2},

pages = {6 - 14},

abstract = {This project work examined influence of market segmentation on industrial product using Larfage Cement Plc, as a case study. This research was survey research and it made use of both primary and secondary sources to gather needed data for the study. Questionnaire was used to gathered primary data from Larfage Cement Plc. The sample adopted for this study was 132 employees at Larfage Cement Plc and data retrieved were analyzed on different tables using simple percentage. The study concluded that there is a significant relationship between market segmentation and industrial product of the company. The findings of the study have several managerial implications since the findings can assist in future managerial decisions or policy on market segmentation, especially in the Nigerian industry. 



Keywords: Segmentation, Employee, Market Strategy, Management},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}

@article{IJARI-22-02-001,

title = {APPRAISAL OF CONSUMER LOYALTY TO BRANDED MALT DRINKS IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA},

author = {Musari, Adedayo Akeem and Adebanjo, Oludotun Adewale},

editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},

url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/IJARI-22-02-001.pdf},

issn = {2545–5214},

year  = {2022},

date = {2022-03-15},

journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation},

volume = {2},

number = {2},

pages = {1 - 5},

abstract = {This study was carried out among consumers of branded malt drinks in Lagos State, to establish the existence or otherwise of brand loyalty among such consumers. The study made use of primary and secondary sources of data. The major instrument used for primary data collection was the questionnaire while secondary data came from journals, books, newspapers, magazines, etc. As for data presentation; tables were used while the Chi-Square was used for data analysis. The study revealed that the five most preferred brands of malt drinks in Lagos State are Dubic Malt, Malta Guinness, Maltina, Amstel Malta and Beta Malt, in that order. The study also showed that the most influential factors in consumers’ decision to stick to their preferred brands are the perceived high brand quality and advertising. The study equally revealed that most of the consumers of branded malt drinks in Lagos State would not want to buy any other brand of malt drink even in the absence of their preferred brand. Based on the results of the study, it is very clear that brand loyalty exists among consumers of branded malt drinks in Lagos State. 



Keywords:   Brand, Promotion, Consumers, Advertising, Brand loyalty},

keywords = {},

pubstate = {published},

tppubtype = {article}

}