21.
Osinaike, Funmilola Omolara
VARIANTS AND ERRORS IN NIGERIAN ENGLISH Journal Article
In: International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 26 - 30, 2022, ISSN: 2545–5214.
@article{IJARI2201004,
title = {VARIANTS AND ERRORS IN NIGERIAN ENGLISH},
author = {Osinaike, Funmilola Omolara},
editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/IJARI-22-01-004.pdf},
issn = {2545–5214},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-02-25},
urldate = {2022-02-25},
journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {26 - 30},
abstract = {This paper discussed the varieties of the English Language in Nigeria. A brief history of English, the evolution of language in Nigeria and different classifications by scholars were discussed. The paper concluded with the future of Nigerian English and suggested recommendations on the variety to be picked as the standard for Nigerian English.
Key Words: English, Language, Variants, Errors, Nigerian},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This paper discussed the varieties of the English Language in Nigeria. A brief history of English, the evolution of language in Nigeria and different classifications by scholars were discussed. The paper concluded with the future of Nigerian English and suggested recommendations on the variety to be picked as the standard for Nigerian English.
Key Words: English, Language, Variants, Errors, Nigerian
Key Words: English, Language, Variants, Errors, Nigerian
22.
Da Wariboko Tommy Seleipiri Famuyiwa Abimbola Oladimeji, ELEYOWO Israel Olusegun; Mary, OLADETOUN Gbemiasola
In: International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 14 - 25, 2022, ISSN: 2545–5214.
@article{IJARI2201003,
title = {HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATION, POLLUTION INDICES, SOURCE APPORTIONMENT AND HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT OF AIR CONDITIONER FILTER DUST IN PORT HARCOURT, SOUTH-SOUTH NIGERIA},
author = {Famuyiwa Abimbola Oladimeji, Da Wariboko Tommy Seleipiri, ELEYOWO Israel Olusegun, IBIKUNLE Olajide and OLADETOUN Gbemiasola Mary},
editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/IJARI-22-01-003.pdf},
issn = {2545–5214},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-02-23},
journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation},
volume = {2},
number = {2},
pages = {14 - 25},
abstract = {Heavy metal pollution caused by various man-made activities, which hazardously affects the environment, has become a universal concern. The aim of the study is to evaluate heavy metal concentration, pollution level and health risk assessment in air conditioner filter dust in hospitals in Port Harcourt. Dust samples were collected from air conditioner filter, and then a composite sample was made for each of the ten (10) hospitals then transported to the laboratory of FATLAB Nigeria Company. 1g of the dust was digested using Aqua regia method. Heavy metal analysis was carried using iCE 3000 Series Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. Contamination factor, I-geo value and EF were used to determine the degree of pollution, possible source was determined using Pearson correlation, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) while Health risk assessment was conducted to evaluate the non-cancer and cancer risks to children and adult in the environment. The result shows that the concentration of chromium in 52.6% (10 of 19) of the samples were higher than the Canada value (64 mg/kg), 15.8% (3 of 19) were higher than the UK value (200 mg/kg) while 5.3% (1 of 19) were higher than the Dutch value (580 mg/kg). Zinc concentration in 52.6 % (10 of 19) of the samples were higher than the Canada value (360 mg/kg) while 31.6 % (6 of 19) were higher than the Dutch value (720 mg/kg). CF value show very high contamination with Cd, I-geo indicate moderate pollution from Cd and Zn in the filter dust, EF value shows an extremely high enrichment and very high enrichment from Cd and Zn respectively. Pearson correlation shows an obviously strong relationship between Fe, Pb, Zn and Cu suggesting an emergence of heavy metal from anthropogenic source possibly resulting from office equipment, furniture, cabinetry and components of the air conditioners. More so, PCA show a strong loading with Co, Fe, Pb suggesting and emergence from anthropogenic with an element of natural sources. The primary exposure of pathway to children and adult population were ingestion. Children in the hospital environment are at risk of being exposed to the dust than the adult, basically may be due to this playing behaviour. The children and adult in the hospital environment are not at risk of developing cancer from Cd and Pb on exposure while Cr (3.24E-04, 1.39E-04) respectively, demands close attention in the environment since it is at the radar of exceeding the permissible limit. Therefore, a frequent assessment and monitoring of Air conditioner filter in the hospitals is suggested.
Key words: Air Conditioner, Filter Dust, Health Risk Assessment, Heavy Metal.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Heavy metal pollution caused by various man-made activities, which hazardously affects the environment, has become a universal concern. The aim of the study is to evaluate heavy metal concentration, pollution level and health risk assessment in air conditioner filter dust in hospitals in Port Harcourt. Dust samples were collected from air conditioner filter, and then a composite sample was made for each of the ten (10) hospitals then transported to the laboratory of FATLAB Nigeria Company. 1g of the dust was digested using Aqua regia method. Heavy metal analysis was carried using iCE 3000 Series Atomic Absorption Spectrometer. Contamination factor, I-geo value and EF were used to determine the degree of pollution, possible source was determined using Pearson correlation, principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) while Health risk assessment was conducted to evaluate the non-cancer and cancer risks to children and adult in the environment. The result shows that the concentration of chromium in 52.6% (10 of 19) of the samples were higher than the Canada value (64 mg/kg), 15.8% (3 of 19) were higher than the UK value (200 mg/kg) while 5.3% (1 of 19) were higher than the Dutch value (580 mg/kg). Zinc concentration in 52.6 % (10 of 19) of the samples were higher than the Canada value (360 mg/kg) while 31.6 % (6 of 19) were higher than the Dutch value (720 mg/kg). CF value show very high contamination with Cd, I-geo indicate moderate pollution from Cd and Zn in the filter dust, EF value shows an extremely high enrichment and very high enrichment from Cd and Zn respectively. Pearson correlation shows an obviously strong relationship between Fe, Pb, Zn and Cu suggesting an emergence of heavy metal from anthropogenic source possibly resulting from office equipment, furniture, cabinetry and components of the air conditioners. More so, PCA show a strong loading with Co, Fe, Pb suggesting and emergence from anthropogenic with an element of natural sources. The primary exposure of pathway to children and adult population were ingestion. Children in the hospital environment are at risk of being exposed to the dust than the adult, basically may be due to this playing behaviour. The children and adult in the hospital environment are not at risk of developing cancer from Cd and Pb on exposure while Cr (3.24E-04, 1.39E-04) respectively, demands close attention in the environment since it is at the radar of exceeding the permissible limit. Therefore, a frequent assessment and monitoring of Air conditioner filter in the hospitals is suggested.
Key words: Air Conditioner, Filter Dust, Health Risk Assessment, Heavy Metal.
Key words: Air Conditioner, Filter Dust, Health Risk Assessment, Heavy Metal.
23.
ELEYOWO, Israel Olusegun; IBIKUNLE, Olajide
In: International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 1-7, 2022, ISSN: 2545 – 5214.
@article{IJARI-22-001,
title = {THE IMPACT OF PEER-PRESSURE AND PERSUASION ON THE ACCEPTANCE OF ADIRE FABRICS (CLOTHES) IN WESTERN NIGERIA (A STUDY OF YOUNG ADULTS IN IKORODU, LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA)},
author = {Israel Olusegun ELEYOWO and Olajide IBIKUNLE},
editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/IJARI-22-01-001.pdf},
issn = {2545 – 5214},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-02-22},
urldate = {2022-02-22},
journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {1-7},
abstract = {Peer pressure is the influence exerted by a peer group or an individual encouraging other individuals to change their attitudes, values or behaviors in order to conform to group norms. The main objective of this study is to examine the impact of peer-pressure and persuasion on the acceptance of Adire Fabrics (clothes) in Westerner Nigeria. The survey research design was adopted in this study. The population includes Staff / employee of the organization, customer / distributor and consumer / end user, While Chi-square formula was used to determine the sample size. Both primary and secondary data was used while 80-item questionnaire was the main instrument of data collection. The Chi-square formula was used to analyze the data and test the hypothesis formulated in the study. The analysis was based on the response from completed questionnaire. The summary of findings state that there is a significance relationship between peer-pressure and decision making. It was concluded that Peer influence has both negative and positive impact on adult’s behavior. Among major recommendation was that Individuals should be encouraged not to give into peer pressure in order for them to be accepted and fit in a group
Keywords: Peer Pressure, Middle Adulthood, Independent Decision Organization, Management},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Peer pressure is the influence exerted by a peer group or an individual encouraging other individuals to change their attitudes, values or behaviors in order to conform to group norms. The main objective of this study is to examine the impact of peer-pressure and persuasion on the acceptance of Adire Fabrics (clothes) in Westerner Nigeria. The survey research design was adopted in this study. The population includes Staff / employee of the organization, customer / distributor and consumer / end user, While Chi-square formula was used to determine the sample size. Both primary and secondary data was used while 80-item questionnaire was the main instrument of data collection. The Chi-square formula was used to analyze the data and test the hypothesis formulated in the study. The analysis was based on the response from completed questionnaire. The summary of findings state that there is a significance relationship between peer-pressure and decision making. It was concluded that Peer influence has both negative and positive impact on adult’s behavior. Among major recommendation was that Individuals should be encouraged not to give into peer pressure in order for them to be accepted and fit in a group
Keywords: Peer Pressure, Middle Adulthood, Independent Decision Organization, Management
Keywords: Peer Pressure, Middle Adulthood, Independent Decision Organization, Management
24.
ELEYOWO ISRAEL OLUSEGUN IBIKUNLE OLAJIDE, OGUNMEFUN OLALEKAN PETER
In: International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 8 - 13, 2022, ISSN: 2545 – 5214.
@article{IJARI-22-002,
title = {EFFECTS OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON THE USE OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN TEACHING AND LEARNING OF MATHEMATICS IN POLYTECHNIC EDUCATION DURING LOCKDOWN IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA},
author = {IBIKUNLE OLAJIDE, ELEYOWO ISRAEL OLUSEGUN, OGUNMEFUN OLALEKAN PETER, SOTONWA OLAWALE EMMANUEL, BIYA EMMANUEL BABATUNDE},
editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/IJARI-22-01-002.pdf},
issn = {2545 – 5214},
year = {2022},
date = {2022-02-22},
journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation},
volume = {2},
number = {1},
pages = {8 - 13},
abstract = {The study examined the effects of covid-19 on the use of instructional materials in teaching and learning of mathematics in polytechnic education during the covid-19 induced lockdown in south west, Nigeria. As a result of these, a total of five hundred (500) students and fifty (50) Mathematics lecturers were used for the survey from five selected polytechnics in south west, Nigeria. Questionnaires and interview schedule were used for data collection. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were also used in analyzing the quantitative and qualitative data respectively. A frequency table was deplored to present the quantitative data while qualitative data were presented mathematically. The study revealed that 65.3% of lecturers have strong opinion that visual based (34.9%) and audio based (65.3%) instructional materials were used to disseminate mathematics lectures during covid-19 pandemic. Summaries were made and recommendations were proffered on how to improve the use of visual instructional materials in teaching and learning process in schools in order to improve performance in mathematics.
Keywords: Covid-19, Pandemic, Instructional Materials, Mathematics, Students, Teachers.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
The study examined the effects of covid-19 on the use of instructional materials in teaching and learning of mathematics in polytechnic education during the covid-19 induced lockdown in south west, Nigeria. As a result of these, a total of five hundred (500) students and fifty (50) Mathematics lecturers were used for the survey from five selected polytechnics in south west, Nigeria. Questionnaires and interview schedule were used for data collection. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were also used in analyzing the quantitative and qualitative data respectively. A frequency table was deplored to present the quantitative data while qualitative data were presented mathematically. The study revealed that 65.3% of lecturers have strong opinion that visual based (34.9%) and audio based (65.3%) instructional materials were used to disseminate mathematics lectures during covid-19 pandemic. Summaries were made and recommendations were proffered on how to improve the use of visual instructional materials in teaching and learning process in schools in order to improve performance in mathematics.
Keywords: Covid-19, Pandemic, Instructional Materials, Mathematics, Students, Teachers.
Keywords: Covid-19, Pandemic, Instructional Materials, Mathematics, Students, Teachers.
25.
AFOLAYAN, Olumide Andrew
LOCALLY FABRICATED UNINTERUPTED POWER SUPPLY (UPS) FOR SYSTEM COMPATIBILITY Journal Article
In: International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 10-14, 2021, ISSN: 2545–5214.
@article{IJARI2101002,
title = {LOCALLY FABRICATED UNINTERUPTED POWER SUPPLY (UPS) FOR SYSTEM COMPATIBILITY},
author = {Olumide Andrew AFOLAYAN},
editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/IJARI-21-01-002.pdf},
issn = {2545–5214},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-06-07},
journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation},
volume = {1},
number = {1},
pages = {10-14},
abstract = {Uninterrupted power supply is an electrical device that provides emergency power to a load when the input power source, typically the utility mains fails or whenever the line voltage varies outside normal limits. Obviously, uninterrupted power supply (UPS) is an indispensable power unit in every size of establishment. Its features such as noiseless working condition, availability of storage elements, numerous system compatibility, etc. have not in any way marred its acceptance. This device is really dominating computer establishments in most developing countries. It has also been found useful in many other applications in big industries, homes offices, industries and religious centers and places of worship for continuous sustainability of energy supplied to electronic gadgets. The stages of the design were divided into sections. The UPS was switched ON, the bulb started to glow, and the UPS worked properly. The components of the UPS such as MOSFET transistor, relay, inverter, transformer and change over circuit were working properly and efficiently.
Keywords: UPS, Inverter, Oscillating, Switching, Change-Over, Loww-Battery},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Uninterrupted power supply is an electrical device that provides emergency power to a load when the input power source, typically the utility mains fails or whenever the line voltage varies outside normal limits. Obviously, uninterrupted power supply (UPS) is an indispensable power unit in every size of establishment. Its features such as noiseless working condition, availability of storage elements, numerous system compatibility, etc. have not in any way marred its acceptance. This device is really dominating computer establishments in most developing countries. It has also been found useful in many other applications in big industries, homes offices, industries and religious centers and places of worship for continuous sustainability of energy supplied to electronic gadgets. The stages of the design were divided into sections. The UPS was switched ON, the bulb started to glow, and the UPS worked properly. The components of the UPS such as MOSFET transistor, relay, inverter, transformer and change over circuit were working properly and efficiently.
Keywords: UPS, Inverter, Oscillating, Switching, Change-Over, Loww-Battery
Keywords: UPS, Inverter, Oscillating, Switching, Change-Over, Loww-Battery
26.
AFOLAYAN, Olumide Andrew
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AUDIO POWER AMPLIFIER Journal Article
In: International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Academic Research and Development, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-6, 2021, ISSN: 2545-5354.
@article{IJAMARD-21-001,
title = {DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF AUDIO POWER AMPLIFIER},
author = {Olumide Andrew AFOLAYAN},
editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/IJAMARD-21-001.pdf},
issn = {2545-5354},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-06-05},
journal = {International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Academic Research and Development},
volume = {1},
number = {1},
pages = {1-6},
abstract = {Amplifiers, as the name implies, are electronic devices that boost or strengthen an input signal. This study designed and constructed 30 W audio power amplifier using TDA2040 modules from the circuit digest. The amplifier was designed and constructed using integrated Circuit (TDA2040) and the simulation of the circuit was carried out using proteous 8 professional. The power supply unit was constructed using 12V-0-12V center-tap step-down transformer and thereafter the amplifier. The amplifier was tested and the results showed that the amplifier exhibited low distortion. The output power and efficiency were found to be 30.00 watts and 78.5 % respectively. The circuit simulation was a success, and that the agreement between the simulated and experimental result confirms the good performance of the amplifier.
Keywords: Audio, Power, Amplifier, Vero board, Ripples, Signal.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Amplifiers, as the name implies, are electronic devices that boost or strengthen an input signal. This study designed and constructed 30 W audio power amplifier using TDA2040 modules from the circuit digest. The amplifier was designed and constructed using integrated Circuit (TDA2040) and the simulation of the circuit was carried out using proteous 8 professional. The power supply unit was constructed using 12V-0-12V center-tap step-down transformer and thereafter the amplifier. The amplifier was tested and the results showed that the amplifier exhibited low distortion. The output power and efficiency were found to be 30.00 watts and 78.5 % respectively. The circuit simulation was a success, and that the agreement between the simulated and experimental result confirms the good performance of the amplifier.
Keywords: Audio, Power, Amplifier, Vero board, Ripples, Signal.
Keywords: Audio, Power, Amplifier, Vero board, Ripples, Signal.
27.
Tingir T. James Kureve T. Douglas, Kyari H. Jennifer
IMPLEMENTATION OF HEART-RATE AND PULSE OXIMETRY MONITORING DEVICE WITH WIRELESS TEMPERATURE SENSOR Journal Article
In: International Journal of Academy of Engineering Research and Theory, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-7, 2021, ISSN: 2545-5931.
@article{IJAERT-21-002,
title = {IMPLEMENTATION OF HEART-RATE AND PULSE OXIMETRY MONITORING DEVICE WITH WIRELESS TEMPERATURE SENSOR},
author = {Kureve T. Douglas, Tingir T. James, Kyari H. Jennifer},
editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/IJAERT-21-002.pdf},
issn = {2545-5931},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-02-15},
journal = {International Journal of Academy of Engineering Research and Theory},
volume = {1},
number = {1},
pages = {1-7},
abstract = {High heart-rate values (known as tachycardia) are usually indicators of declining health or symptoms of underlying heart disease. Heart-rate is associated with hypoxia (low blood oxygen level) which on its own could lead to permanent brain damage. This research develops a heart- rate and blood oxyhemoglobin monitoring device using the MAX30100 IC (for the heart-rate and pulse oximeter reading), an Arduino UNO IC (ATMEGA328P) as the central controller, an MLX90614 infrared temperature module and a piezo buzzer for alarm system. The measurement period was 30 seconds and a 16 by 2 LCD displayed the heart-rate and blood oxygen concentration (SpO2) content in beats per minute and percentages % respectively. An alarm was triggered if the heart-rate exceeded 100 beats per minute or the SpO2 was less than 94%. The results obtained were compared to standard devices and the errors obtained were within acceptable limit. The device could be used as alternative in health care centers and could also incorporate a GSM Module to send messages to a physician and finally biometric could be introduced to be used as an identifier to know the specific user.
Keywords: Heart-Rate; Monitoring; Device; Temperature; Oximeter; Blood; Tachycardia.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
High heart-rate values (known as tachycardia) are usually indicators of declining health or symptoms of underlying heart disease. Heart-rate is associated with hypoxia (low blood oxygen level) which on its own could lead to permanent brain damage. This research develops a heart- rate and blood oxyhemoglobin monitoring device using the MAX30100 IC (for the heart-rate and pulse oximeter reading), an Arduino UNO IC (ATMEGA328P) as the central controller, an MLX90614 infrared temperature module and a piezo buzzer for alarm system. The measurement period was 30 seconds and a 16 by 2 LCD displayed the heart-rate and blood oxygen concentration (SpO2) content in beats per minute and percentages % respectively. An alarm was triggered if the heart-rate exceeded 100 beats per minute or the SpO2 was less than 94%. The results obtained were compared to standard devices and the errors obtained were within acceptable limit. The device could be used as alternative in health care centers and could also incorporate a GSM Module to send messages to a physician and finally biometric could be introduced to be used as an identifier to know the specific user.
Keywords: Heart-Rate; Monitoring; Device; Temperature; Oximeter; Blood; Tachycardia.
Keywords: Heart-Rate; Monitoring; Device; Temperature; Oximeter; Blood; Tachycardia.
28.
OLAREWAJU, Akinola Johnson
California Bearing-Ratio Characteristics of Plastic Pellet Stabilized Sedimentary Formation Journal Article
In: International Journal of Advances in Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-7, 2021, ISSN: 2550-7192.
@article{IJACIE-21-001,
title = {California Bearing-Ratio Characteristics of Plastic Pellet Stabilized Sedimentary Formation},
author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/IJACIE-21-001.pdf},
issn = {2550-7192},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-23},
journal = {International Journal of Advances in Civil and Infrastructure Engineering},
volume = {1},
number = {1},
pages = {1-7},
abstract = {Improving the engineering properties of lateritic soils by including stabilizing agent, such as cement, lime, bitumen, etc. helps to reduce settlement underneath the engineering structures. Plastic pollution is the accumulation of plastic objects and particles in the Earth's environment that adversely affects wildlife, and human. Living organisms, particularly marine animals, can be harmed by problems related to ingestion of plastic waste or through exposure to chemicals within plastics that interfere with their physiology. The lateritic soil used in this study was taken from the sedimentary formation located at Abalabi ( 53’ 13.758”N, 7’ 59.994”E), Ajegunle, along Papalanto-Ilaro road, Ogun State, Nigeria plastic wastes were taken from different location in Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. The plastic wastes were cut into pieces passing through 5mm sieve and then substituted for lateritic soil in the range of 0% to 50% at 5% intervals with 0% plastic pellet substitution serving as control experiment. In line with BS 1377 (1990), California Bearing-Ratio tests were conducted on the composite materials at different test water contents for all the substitutions. From the results, California Bearing-Ratio value increased gradually as plastic pellet substitution increases. In addition to this, 5% and 10% substitutions have the maximum CBR value at both top and bottom. Furthermore, between 25% to 50% plastic pellet substitutions, CBR values are highest from their first test water content. The composite material at 5% to 10% plastic pellet substitution could be used for road base and sub base, most especially rural roads. Therefore, environment risk and hazard caused by plastic waste could be greatly reduced, if not completely eliminated.
Keywords: CBR, Pressure, Loads, Variation, Stabilization, Sedimentary, Formation Composite, Material},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Improving the engineering properties of lateritic soils by including stabilizing agent, such as cement, lime, bitumen, etc. helps to reduce settlement underneath the engineering structures. Plastic pollution is the accumulation of plastic objects and particles in the Earth's environment that adversely affects wildlife, and human. Living organisms, particularly marine animals, can be harmed by problems related to ingestion of plastic waste or through exposure to chemicals within plastics that interfere with their physiology. The lateritic soil used in this study was taken from the sedimentary formation located at Abalabi ( 53’ 13.758”N, 7’ 59.994”E), Ajegunle, along Papalanto-Ilaro road, Ogun State, Nigeria plastic wastes were taken from different location in Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. The plastic wastes were cut into pieces passing through 5mm sieve and then substituted for lateritic soil in the range of 0% to 50% at 5% intervals with 0% plastic pellet substitution serving as control experiment. In line with BS 1377 (1990), California Bearing-Ratio tests were conducted on the composite materials at different test water contents for all the substitutions. From the results, California Bearing-Ratio value increased gradually as plastic pellet substitution increases. In addition to this, 5% and 10% substitutions have the maximum CBR value at both top and bottom. Furthermore, between 25% to 50% plastic pellet substitutions, CBR values are highest from their first test water content. The composite material at 5% to 10% plastic pellet substitution could be used for road base and sub base, most especially rural roads. Therefore, environment risk and hazard caused by plastic waste could be greatly reduced, if not completely eliminated.
Keywords: CBR, Pressure, Loads, Variation, Stabilization, Sedimentary, Formation Composite, Material
Keywords: CBR, Pressure, Loads, Variation, Stabilization, Sedimentary, Formation Composite, Material
29.
OLAREWAJU, Akinola Johnson
Compaction Characteristics of Plastic Pellet Stabilized Sedimentary Formation Journal Article
In: International Journal of Academy of Engineering Research and Theory, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-6, 2021, ISSN: 2545-5931.
@article{IJAERT-21-001,
title = {Compaction Characteristics of Plastic Pellet Stabilized Sedimentary Formation},
author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/IJAERT_21_001.pdf},
issn = {2545-5931},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-21},
journal = {International Journal of Academy of Engineering Research and Theory},
volume = {1},
number = {1},
pages = {1-6},
abstract = {Recycling helps to reduce the pollution caused by waste and huge amounts of energy are used when making products from raw materials. Recycling requires much less energy and therefore helps to preserve natural resources in this case, natural (raw) rubber used in the production of plastic products. This study is aimed at providing alternatives use for plastic wastes in the construction industries. The lateritic soil used in this study was taken on the sedimentary formation located at Abalabi ( 53’ 13.758”N, 7’ 59.994”E), Ajegunle, along Papalanto-Ilaro road, Ogun State, Nigeria and plastic wastes were taken from different locations in Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. The plastic wastes were cut into pieces passing through 5mm sieve and then substituted for lateritic soil in the range of 0% to 50% at 5% intervals while 0% plastic pellet substitution served as control experiment. In line with BS 1377 (1990), compaction tests were carried out on the composite materials to determine the various optimum moisture contents and maximum dry densities at different test water contents for all the substitutions. From the results, it was observed that 0% plastic pellet substitution (i. e. control experiment) has the maximum dry density value. In addition to this, 35% to 40% plastic pellet substitution has the maximum optimum moisture content value while increase in plastic pellet substitution reduces the density of the composite material. The composite material at 10% plastic pallet substitution can be used for road base and sub base and it is therefore a possible alternative solution for safe disposal of the plastic wastes from causing nuisance. Therefore environmental risk and hazard caused by plastic waste would be greatly reduced, if not completely eliminated.
Keywords: Compaction, Stabilization, Sedimentary, Formation Composite, Material, Plastic Pellets.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Recycling helps to reduce the pollution caused by waste and huge amounts of energy are used when making products from raw materials. Recycling requires much less energy and therefore helps to preserve natural resources in this case, natural (raw) rubber used in the production of plastic products. This study is aimed at providing alternatives use for plastic wastes in the construction industries. The lateritic soil used in this study was taken on the sedimentary formation located at Abalabi ( 53’ 13.758”N, 7’ 59.994”E), Ajegunle, along Papalanto-Ilaro road, Ogun State, Nigeria and plastic wastes were taken from different locations in Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. The plastic wastes were cut into pieces passing through 5mm sieve and then substituted for lateritic soil in the range of 0% to 50% at 5% intervals while 0% plastic pellet substitution served as control experiment. In line with BS 1377 (1990), compaction tests were carried out on the composite materials to determine the various optimum moisture contents and maximum dry densities at different test water contents for all the substitutions. From the results, it was observed that 0% plastic pellet substitution (i. e. control experiment) has the maximum dry density value. In addition to this, 35% to 40% plastic pellet substitution has the maximum optimum moisture content value while increase in plastic pellet substitution reduces the density of the composite material. The composite material at 10% plastic pallet substitution can be used for road base and sub base and it is therefore a possible alternative solution for safe disposal of the plastic wastes from causing nuisance. Therefore environmental risk and hazard caused by plastic waste would be greatly reduced, if not completely eliminated.
Keywords: Compaction, Stabilization, Sedimentary, Formation Composite, Material, Plastic Pellets.
Keywords: Compaction, Stabilization, Sedimentary, Formation Composite, Material, Plastic Pellets.
30.
OLAREWAJU, Akinola Johnson
California Bearing-Ratio Characteristics of Palm Kernel Shell Stabilized Sedimentary Formation Journal Article
In: International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-9, 2021, ISSN: 2545–5214.
@article{IJARI-21-001,
title = {California Bearing-Ratio Characteristics of Palm Kernel Shell Stabilized Sedimentary Formation},
author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/IJARI-21-001.pdf},
issn = {2545–5214},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-19},
journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation},
volume = {1},
number = {1},
pages = {1-9},
abstract = {There is increase in demand for safe, durable and economical roads, especially in the rural areas. The high cost of stabilizing agent, environmental effects of dumping of agricultural waste such as palm kernel shell and implications involved in the process of transporting materials from borrow pit pose serious threats to human and the environment. Therefore, there is need to look for affordable alternatives. The lateritic soil used in this study was taken from the sedimentary formation located at Abalabi ( 53’ 13.758”N, 7’ 59.994”E), Ajegunle, along Papalanto-Ilaro road, Ogun State, Nigeria and palm kernel shell wastes were taken from oil palm producing plant at Iweke along Ilaro-Owode Road, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. The palm kernel shells were broken into pieces passing through 5mm sieve and then substituted for lateritic soil in the range of 0% to 50% at 5% intervals with 0% palm kernel shell substitution serving as control experiment. In line with BS 1377 (1990), pressure loads were applied on the composite materials and California Bearing-Ratio tests conducted at different test water contents for all the substitutions. From the results, California Bearing-Ratio value increased gradually as palm kernel shell substitution increases while 25% palm kernel shell substitution has the maximum CBR value at both top and bottom. In addition, for the 40% to 50% palm kernel shell substitutions, maximum CBR values were observed from their initial test water content. The composite material with palm kernel shell at 25% can be used for road base and sub base. Finally, recycling of palm kernel shell wastes is an alternative solution of safe disposal of the agro waste called palm kernel shell. There environmental risk and hazard caused by palm kernel shell wastes could be greatly reduced if not completely eliminated.
Keywords: CBR, Stabilization, Sedimentary, Formation, Composite, Material.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
There is increase in demand for safe, durable and economical roads, especially in the rural areas. The high cost of stabilizing agent, environmental effects of dumping of agricultural waste such as palm kernel shell and implications involved in the process of transporting materials from borrow pit pose serious threats to human and the environment. Therefore, there is need to look for affordable alternatives. The lateritic soil used in this study was taken from the sedimentary formation located at Abalabi ( 53’ 13.758”N, 7’ 59.994”E), Ajegunle, along Papalanto-Ilaro road, Ogun State, Nigeria and palm kernel shell wastes were taken from oil palm producing plant at Iweke along Ilaro-Owode Road, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. The palm kernel shells were broken into pieces passing through 5mm sieve and then substituted for lateritic soil in the range of 0% to 50% at 5% intervals with 0% palm kernel shell substitution serving as control experiment. In line with BS 1377 (1990), pressure loads were applied on the composite materials and California Bearing-Ratio tests conducted at different test water contents for all the substitutions. From the results, California Bearing-Ratio value increased gradually as palm kernel shell substitution increases while 25% palm kernel shell substitution has the maximum CBR value at both top and bottom. In addition, for the 40% to 50% palm kernel shell substitutions, maximum CBR values were observed from their initial test water content. The composite material with palm kernel shell at 25% can be used for road base and sub base. Finally, recycling of palm kernel shell wastes is an alternative solution of safe disposal of the agro waste called palm kernel shell. There environmental risk and hazard caused by palm kernel shell wastes could be greatly reduced if not completely eliminated.
Keywords: CBR, Stabilization, Sedimentary, Formation, Composite, Material.
Keywords: CBR, Stabilization, Sedimentary, Formation, Composite, Material.
31.
OLAREWAJU, Akinola Johnson
Compaction Characteristics of Palm Kernel Shell Stabilized Sedimentary Formation Journal Article
In: International Journal of Advances in Engineering Materials and Processes, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1 - 5, 2021, ISSN: 2550-7230.
@article{IJAEMP-21-001,
title = {Compaction Characteristics of Palm Kernel Shell Stabilized Sedimentary Formation},
author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/IJAEMP-21-001.pdf},
issn = {2550-7230},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-17},
journal = {International Journal of Advances in Engineering Materials and Processes},
volume = {1},
number = {1},
pages = {1 - 5},
abstract = {Soil stabilization is the alteration of soils to enhance their physical properties and can be utilized on roadways, parking areas and many other situations where sub-soils are not suitable for construction. The use of conventional stabilizing agents have improved the engineering properties of lateritic soil but the cost of these stabilizing agents are on the increase, therefore there is need for alternatives such as palm kernel shell. The lateritic soil used in this study was taken on the sedimentary formation located at Abalabi ( 53’ 13.758”N, 7’ 59.994”E), along Papalanto-Ilaro road, Ogun State, Nigeria and palm kernel shell wastes were taken from oil palm producing plant at Iweke along Ilaro-Owode Road, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. The palm kernel shells were broken into pieces passing through 5mm sieve and then substituted for lateritic soil in the range of 0% to 50% at 5% intervals for compaction test while 0% palm kernel shell substitution served as control experiment. In line with BS 1377 (1990), compaction tests were carried out on the composite materials to determine the various optimum moisture contents and maximum dry densities at different test water contents for all the substitutions. From the results, maximum dry density reduces as the percentage palm kernel shell substitution increases while optimum moisture content increases as the percentage palm kernel shell substitutions increases. Therefore palm kernel shell could be used for the construction of road and as a result, environmental risk and hazard caused by palm kernel shell waste could be reduced if not completely eliminated.
Keywords: Compaction, Stabilization, Sedimentary, Formation, Composite, Material, Palm Kernel Shell.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Soil stabilization is the alteration of soils to enhance their physical properties and can be utilized on roadways, parking areas and many other situations where sub-soils are not suitable for construction. The use of conventional stabilizing agents have improved the engineering properties of lateritic soil but the cost of these stabilizing agents are on the increase, therefore there is need for alternatives such as palm kernel shell. The lateritic soil used in this study was taken on the sedimentary formation located at Abalabi ( 53’ 13.758”N, 7’ 59.994”E), along Papalanto-Ilaro road, Ogun State, Nigeria and palm kernel shell wastes were taken from oil palm producing plant at Iweke along Ilaro-Owode Road, Ilaro, Ogun State, Nigeria. The palm kernel shells were broken into pieces passing through 5mm sieve and then substituted for lateritic soil in the range of 0% to 50% at 5% intervals for compaction test while 0% palm kernel shell substitution served as control experiment. In line with BS 1377 (1990), compaction tests were carried out on the composite materials to determine the various optimum moisture contents and maximum dry densities at different test water contents for all the substitutions. From the results, maximum dry density reduces as the percentage palm kernel shell substitution increases while optimum moisture content increases as the percentage palm kernel shell substitutions increases. Therefore palm kernel shell could be used for the construction of road and as a result, environmental risk and hazard caused by palm kernel shell waste could be reduced if not completely eliminated.
Keywords: Compaction, Stabilization, Sedimentary, Formation, Composite, Material, Palm Kernel Shell.
Keywords: Compaction, Stabilization, Sedimentary, Formation, Composite, Material, Palm Kernel Shell.
32.
OLAREWAJU, Akinola Johnson
Effects of Seismic Loads from Underground Accidental Explosions Occurring Between Ground Surface and Buried Pipes Journal Article
In: International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-10, 2021, ISSN: 2545-5559.
@article{IJAGIE-21-001,
title = {Effects of Seismic Loads from Underground Accidental Explosions Occurring Between Ground Surface and Buried Pipes},
author = {Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/01/IJAGIE-21-001.pdf},
issn = {2545-5559},
year = {2021},
date = {2021-01-02},
journal = {International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering},
volume = {1},
number = {1},
pages = {1-10},
abstract = {Underground accidental explosions are caused by the detonation of explosive materials (solid, liquid or gas) stored below the ground surface. In this study, effects on underground pipes due to varying degrees of underground accidental explosions between the ground surface and buried concrete and steel pipes were studied using ABAQUS, a finite element numerical code. Concrete and steel pipes buried in loose sand and dense sand at various depths below the ground surface were modelled. The material properties as revealed by several researchers were used. Pipe and soil materials were limited to linear, elastic, homogeneous and isotropic. The observed parameters are displacement, pressure, mises, stress and strain at the crown, invert and spring-line of buried pipes. The results showed that irrespective of the ground media, at a given loading wave velocity, displacement remains relatively constant as the embedment ratio increases. Even though there is variation in the results due to dilations and compressions caused by the transient stress pulse of compression wave, some of the observed parameters reduce as the depth of burial of pipes increased.
Keywords: Underground, Explosion, Pipes, Loading Wave Velocity.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Underground accidental explosions are caused by the detonation of explosive materials (solid, liquid or gas) stored below the ground surface. In this study, effects on underground pipes due to varying degrees of underground accidental explosions between the ground surface and buried concrete and steel pipes were studied using ABAQUS, a finite element numerical code. Concrete and steel pipes buried in loose sand and dense sand at various depths below the ground surface were modelled. The material properties as revealed by several researchers were used. Pipe and soil materials were limited to linear, elastic, homogeneous and isotropic. The observed parameters are displacement, pressure, mises, stress and strain at the crown, invert and spring-line of buried pipes. The results showed that irrespective of the ground media, at a given loading wave velocity, displacement remains relatively constant as the embedment ratio increases. Even though there is variation in the results due to dilations and compressions caused by the transient stress pulse of compression wave, some of the observed parameters reduce as the depth of burial of pipes increased.
Keywords: Underground, Explosion, Pipes, Loading Wave Velocity.
Keywords: Underground, Explosion, Pipes, Loading Wave Velocity.
33.
JODA, Michael Duro; FOLAYAN, Bolu John
Influence of Political Information Sources on Rural Voter Preference for Presidential Candidates in the Nigerian 2019 Elections Journal Article
In: International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-10, 2020, ISSN: 2545 – 5214.
@article{IJARI2001001,
title = {Influence of Political Information Sources on Rural Voter Preference for Presidential Candidates in the Nigerian 2019 Elections},
author = {Michael Duro JODA and Bolu John FOLAYAN},
editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/IJARI-20-01-001.pdf},
issn = {2545 – 5214},
year = {2020},
date = {2020-09-24},
journal = {International Journal of Academic Research and Innovation},
volume = {1},
number = {1},
pages = {1-10},
abstract = {There are lots of factors affecting voters’ decision on who to vote for amongst presidential candidates most especially voters in the rural and sub-urban areas. These factors could be examined through the fusion of quantitative and qualitative tradition with a view to helping voters make up their choice of presidential candidates during elections. This study investigates how voters in rural areas of Nigeria sought information about presidential candidates in the 2019 presidential elections. Relying on previous studies and constructs of the two-step hypothesis/opinion leadership theory, it was assumed that voters in rural areas had poor access to the mass media. In addition, they obtained information about presidential candidates and their programmes through opinion leaders who might have greater access to the mass media. The study also identified factors influencing voters on their choice of presidential candidate. Information was obtained from a sample size of one thousand voters and were randomly stratified based on the six geo-political zones of the country. In addition to this, one Focus Group Discussion was held in each of the six zones to enhance the validity and reliability of data obtained. Among other findings, the study revealed that residents of rural and sub-urban areas are gaining more access to the mass media (radio, TV and social media) and are more likely to vote the presidential candidate of the party they are affiliated with, irrespective of the personal qualities of the candidate.
Keywords: Influence, Information, Media, Voter, Preference, Election,},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
There are lots of factors affecting voters’ decision on who to vote for amongst presidential candidates most especially voters in the rural and sub-urban areas. These factors could be examined through the fusion of quantitative and qualitative tradition with a view to helping voters make up their choice of presidential candidates during elections. This study investigates how voters in rural areas of Nigeria sought information about presidential candidates in the 2019 presidential elections. Relying on previous studies and constructs of the two-step hypothesis/opinion leadership theory, it was assumed that voters in rural areas had poor access to the mass media. In addition, they obtained information about presidential candidates and their programmes through opinion leaders who might have greater access to the mass media. The study also identified factors influencing voters on their choice of presidential candidate. Information was obtained from a sample size of one thousand voters and were randomly stratified based on the six geo-political zones of the country. In addition to this, one Focus Group Discussion was held in each of the six zones to enhance the validity and reliability of data obtained. Among other findings, the study revealed that residents of rural and sub-urban areas are gaining more access to the mass media (radio, TV and social media) and are more likely to vote the presidential candidate of the party they are affiliated with, irrespective of the personal qualities of the candidate.
Keywords: Influence, Information, Media, Voter, Preference, Election,
Keywords: Influence, Information, Media, Voter, Preference, Election,
34.
Nigeria, Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU
Groundwater Evaluation of Sedimentary Formation and Basement Complex Journal Article
In: International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Academic Research and Development, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 6, 2019, ISSN: 2545-5354.
@article{IJAMARD1901001,
title = {Groundwater Evaluation of Sedimentary Formation and Basement Complex},
author = {Nigeria, Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/11/IJAMARD-19-01-001.pdf},
issn = {2545-5354},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-11-10},
journal = {International Journal of Advanced Multidisciplinary Academic Research and Development},
volume = {1},
number = {1},
pages = {6},
abstract = {In the basement complex, the aquifers usually exist under water table conditions because they are unconfined while the sedimentary basins show greater complexity because water may be obtained from more than one horizon in a vertical profile. This study examines the effect of waste and the environment on the quality of groundwater of the sedimentary formations and basement complex of part of Ogun State, Nigeria. Samples of water were taken from Water Corporation, borehole water, water sold in sachets and well waters from the geologic areas under study with Water Corporation sample serving as control experiment. In addition to this, the depths were measured to determine the depth of wells and ground water levels. Using grab method, representative samples were taken from the effluent from the industries, 3 wells at measured distances 288.20m, 468.30m and 1219.20m respectively from the point of discharge of the waste. The samples and effluent from the sedimentary formations and basement complex were, in line with APHA (1985), tested for physico-chemical and microbiological parameters and the results compared with available standards. The results revealed that the activities of the industries have tremendously affected the quality of groundwater in the basement complex area and, when the results from sedimentary formations were compared with acceptable standard, some were found to be suspects in terms of quality. In line with available and acceptable global practice, in order to prevent widespread of water related diseases, methods of reducing these parameters in the wells were recommended for the inhabitants. },
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
In the basement complex, the aquifers usually exist under water table conditions because they are unconfined while the sedimentary basins show greater complexity because water may be obtained from more than one horizon in a vertical profile. This study examines the effect of waste and the environment on the quality of groundwater of the sedimentary formations and basement complex of part of Ogun State, Nigeria. Samples of water were taken from Water Corporation, borehole water, water sold in sachets and well waters from the geologic areas under study with Water Corporation sample serving as control experiment. In addition to this, the depths were measured to determine the depth of wells and ground water levels. Using grab method, representative samples were taken from the effluent from the industries, 3 wells at measured distances 288.20m, 468.30m and 1219.20m respectively from the point of discharge of the waste. The samples and effluent from the sedimentary formations and basement complex were, in line with APHA (1985), tested for physico-chemical and microbiological parameters and the results compared with available standards. The results revealed that the activities of the industries have tremendously affected the quality of groundwater in the basement complex area and, when the results from sedimentary formations were compared with acceptable standard, some were found to be suspects in terms of quality. In line with available and acceptable global practice, in order to prevent widespread of water related diseases, methods of reducing these parameters in the wells were recommended for the inhabitants.
35.
Nigeria, Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU
Variation of Energy and Principal Stress Components in Underground Structures Due to Seismic Action of Surface Accidental Explosion Journal Article
In: International Journal of Advanced Modeling and Analysis in Engineering, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-6, 2019, ISSN: ISSN: 2550-7206.
@article{IJAMAE-19-01-001,
title = {Variation of Energy and Principal Stress Components in Underground Structures Due to Seismic Action of Surface Accidental Explosion},
author = {Nigeria, Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/IJAMAE-19-01-001.pdf},
issn = {ISSN: 2550-7206},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-11-10},
journal = {International Journal of Advanced Modeling and Analysis in Engineering},
volume = {1},
number = {1},
pages = {1-6},
abstract = {This study examines the principal stress components and variation of total energy generated in pipes buried loose sand, dense sand and undrained clay in different embedment rations due to seismic action of accidental explosion above the ground surface. In this study, pipes buried in infinite elastic, homogeneous and isotropic soil media was study using ABAQUS numerical code and accidental explosion above the ground surface was assumed to take place far away from the buried pipes. As a result, the material property was assumed to be linear, elastic, homogeneous and isotropic and therefore the two elastic constants as revealed by various researchers and pipe manufacturers were used in the study. Load parameters from accidental explosions above the ground surface but very close to the ground surface were estimated using Unified Facilities Criteria (2008) and pipes were laid horizontally with no joint. The contact between the soil and pipe was defined for ‘no slip’ condition and therefore it is assumed that perfect bond exist between the soil and the pipe. Boundary conditions were defined with respect to global Cartesian axis and time integration technique in ABAQUS/Explicit was used to solve the equation of motion with initial conditions Parameters observed are stress components and variation of total energy generated in pipes buried in different soil media. The increase in total energy and principal stress components at integrated points, from the results, are higher in pipes buried in undrained clay than pipes buried in loose sand and dense sand, indicative of the fact that undrained clay is likely to be problematic with respect to the seismic action of surface accidental explosion},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This study examines the principal stress components and variation of total energy generated in pipes buried loose sand, dense sand and undrained clay in different embedment rations due to seismic action of accidental explosion above the ground surface. In this study, pipes buried in infinite elastic, homogeneous and isotropic soil media was study using ABAQUS numerical code and accidental explosion above the ground surface was assumed to take place far away from the buried pipes. As a result, the material property was assumed to be linear, elastic, homogeneous and isotropic and therefore the two elastic constants as revealed by various researchers and pipe manufacturers were used in the study. Load parameters from accidental explosions above the ground surface but very close to the ground surface were estimated using Unified Facilities Criteria (2008) and pipes were laid horizontally with no joint. The contact between the soil and pipe was defined for ‘no slip’ condition and therefore it is assumed that perfect bond exist between the soil and the pipe. Boundary conditions were defined with respect to global Cartesian axis and time integration technique in ABAQUS/Explicit was used to solve the equation of motion with initial conditions Parameters observed are stress components and variation of total energy generated in pipes buried in different soil media. The increase in total energy and principal stress components at integrated points, from the results, are higher in pipes buried in undrained clay than pipes buried in loose sand and dense sand, indicative of the fact that undrained clay is likely to be problematic with respect to the seismic action of surface accidental explosion
36.
Nigeria, Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU
Effects of Loading Wave Velocity on Various Behaviors of Underground Structures Journal Article
In: International Journal of Applied Geophysics and Computational Fluid Mechanics, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-6, 2019, ISSN: ISSN: 2550-7222.
@article{IJAGCFM-19-01-001,
title = {Effects of Loading Wave Velocity on Various Behaviors of Underground Structures},
author = {Nigeria, Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/IJAGCFM-19-01-001.pdf},
issn = {ISSN: 2550-7222},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-11-10},
journal = {International Journal of Applied Geophysics and Computational Fluid Mechanics},
volume = {1},
number = {1},
pages = {1-6},
abstract = {Behavior of underground pipes due to underground accidental explosion was studied using finite element based numerical code, ABAQUS. Using numerical method, the values of the loading wave velocities, Cp (m/s) were estimated and the ground movement parameters were used to study the behaviors of modeled steel and concrete pipes buried in loose sand, dense sand and undrained clay. The boundary condition of the model is either fixed or roller. Raleigh damping is meant to reflect physical damping in the actual material. Contrary to our usual engineering intuition, introducing damping to the solution reduces the stable time increment. A small amount of numerical damping is introduced in the form of bulk viscosity to control high frequency oscillations. For the elastic, homogeneous and isotropic materials considered, the values of Young’s modulus, E, Poisson’s ratio, υ and densities of steel, concrete, loose sand, dense sand and undrained clay as revealed by several researchers and pipe manufacturers were used to observed the behavior of underground pipes due to loads from underground accidental explosion and parameters varied. Time integration technique of finite difference and finite element in ABAQUS/Explicit numerical code was used to solve the governing dynamic equation of motion. From the results,, for a given loading wave velocity, displacement in pipes is almost constant at all embedment ratios considered irrespective of the material properties. Irrespective of the ground media, as the seismic velocity increases, displacement increases linearly and for low stiffness pipes buried at low depth of burial, especially in undrained clay soil, there is need for explosion resistance evaluation},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Behavior of underground pipes due to underground accidental explosion was studied using finite element based numerical code, ABAQUS. Using numerical method, the values of the loading wave velocities, Cp (m/s) were estimated and the ground movement parameters were used to study the behaviors of modeled steel and concrete pipes buried in loose sand, dense sand and undrained clay. The boundary condition of the model is either fixed or roller. Raleigh damping is meant to reflect physical damping in the actual material. Contrary to our usual engineering intuition, introducing damping to the solution reduces the stable time increment. A small amount of numerical damping is introduced in the form of bulk viscosity to control high frequency oscillations. For the elastic, homogeneous and isotropic materials considered, the values of Young’s modulus, E, Poisson’s ratio, υ and densities of steel, concrete, loose sand, dense sand and undrained clay as revealed by several researchers and pipe manufacturers were used to observed the behavior of underground pipes due to loads from underground accidental explosion and parameters varied. Time integration technique of finite difference and finite element in ABAQUS/Explicit numerical code was used to solve the governing dynamic equation of motion. From the results,, for a given loading wave velocity, displacement in pipes is almost constant at all embedment ratios considered irrespective of the material properties. Irrespective of the ground media, as the seismic velocity increases, displacement increases linearly and for low stiffness pipes buried at low depth of burial, especially in undrained clay soil, there is need for explosion resistance evaluation
37.
Nigeria, Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU
Effects of Varying Parameters on Underground Structures (Pipes) Due to Seismic Action of Surface Accidental Explosion Journal Article
In: International Journal of Advances in Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-6, 2019, ISSN: ISSN: 2550-7192.
@article{IJACIE-19-01-001,
title = {Effects of Varying Parameters on Underground Structures (Pipes) Due to Seismic Action of Surface Accidental Explosion},
author = {Nigeria, Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/IJACIE-19-01-001.pdf},
issn = {ISSN: 2550-7192},
year = {2019},
date = {2019-11-10},
journal = {International Journal of Advances in Civil and Infrastructure Engineering},
volume = {1},
number = {1},
pages = {1-6},
abstract = {Behavior of underground pipes due to accidental explosion above the ground surface was studied using finite element based numerical code, ABAQUS. Pressure load parameters from accidental explosions above the ground surface but very close to the ground surface were estimated using Unified Facilities Criteria (2008). Using the ground movement parameters, behaviors of modeled steel and concrete pipes buried in loose sand, dense sand and undrained clay were examined and parametric studies carried out. For the elastic, homogeneous and isotropic materials considered, the values of Young’s modulus, E, Poisson’s ratio, υ and densities of steel, concrete, loose sand, dense sand and undrained clay as revealed by several researchers and pipe manufacturers were used to observed the behavior of underground pipes buried at 1m depth due to loads from accidental explosion above the ground surface and parameters varied. Time integration technique of finite difference and finite element in ABAQUS/Explicit numerical code was used to solve the governing dynamic equation of motion. The observed parameters are displacement, pressure, mises and strain at the crown, invert and sprig-line of pipes buried in different soil media. From the results, there is no remarkable changes in the behavior of all the coefficient of friction investigated while there is reduction in mises, stress and displacement as the thickness of steel and concrete pipes increases. There is reduction in crown and spring-line as the Young’s modulus of soil and pipe increases while all the observed parameters increases as the pressure loads increases in steel and concrete pipes.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Behavior of underground pipes due to accidental explosion above the ground surface was studied using finite element based numerical code, ABAQUS. Pressure load parameters from accidental explosions above the ground surface but very close to the ground surface were estimated using Unified Facilities Criteria (2008). Using the ground movement parameters, behaviors of modeled steel and concrete pipes buried in loose sand, dense sand and undrained clay were examined and parametric studies carried out. For the elastic, homogeneous and isotropic materials considered, the values of Young’s modulus, E, Poisson’s ratio, υ and densities of steel, concrete, loose sand, dense sand and undrained clay as revealed by several researchers and pipe manufacturers were used to observed the behavior of underground pipes buried at 1m depth due to loads from accidental explosion above the ground surface and parameters varied. Time integration technique of finite difference and finite element in ABAQUS/Explicit numerical code was used to solve the governing dynamic equation of motion. The observed parameters are displacement, pressure, mises and strain at the crown, invert and sprig-line of pipes buried in different soil media. From the results, there is no remarkable changes in the behavior of all the coefficient of friction investigated while there is reduction in mises, stress and displacement as the thickness of steel and concrete pipes increases. There is reduction in crown and spring-line as the Young’s modulus of soil and pipe increases while all the observed parameters increases as the pressure loads increases in steel and concrete pipes.
38.
Nigeria, Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU
Permeability Potentials and Characteristics of Plastic Pellet Stabilized Sedimentary Formation Journal Article
In: International Journal of Academy of Engineering Research and Theory, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-4, 2018, ISSN: ISSN: 2545-5931.
@article{IJAERT701001,
title = {Permeability Potentials and Characteristics of Plastic Pellet Stabilized Sedimentary Formation},
author = {Nigeria, Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/IJAERT-18-01-001.pdf},
issn = {ISSN: 2545-5931},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-11-28},
journal = {International Journal of Academy of Engineering Research and Theory},
volume = {1},
number = {1},
pages = {1-4},
abstract = {Engineering constructions require large quantities of lateritic soils where drainage is very important. Therefore construction of these infrastructures by using the available soils especially the laterite is more beneficial in relation to their characteristics as construction material that would allow the passage of water when saturated. In other to mitigate the harmful effect of plastic waste in the environment, it is necessary to determine the various ways by which it could be used in construction and geotechnical industries. In this study, the lateritic soil used was taken on the Ibeshe-Ewekoro-Ilaro Formation at Ajegunle, along Papalanto-Ilaro road, Ogun State, Nigeria and the solid plastic wastes were taken from plastic recycling plant at Papalanto, Ogun State, Nigeria. The plastic wastes were cut into pellets passing through 5mm sieve and then substituted for lateritic soil from 0% to 50% at 5% interval for the tests while 0% served as control experiment. The test conducted in line with BS 1377 (1990) on plastic pellet stabilized lateritic soil is falling head permeability. From the results, it was observed that permeability parameters increases as the percentage of plastic pellet substitution increases with interesting increase at above 30% plastic pellet substitution. The use of plastic for in construction industry would reduce the quantities of plastic waste generated, and therefore, environmental risks and hazards caused by plastic wastes would be greatly reduced if not completely eliminated.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Engineering constructions require large quantities of lateritic soils where drainage is very important. Therefore construction of these infrastructures by using the available soils especially the laterite is more beneficial in relation to their characteristics as construction material that would allow the passage of water when saturated. In other to mitigate the harmful effect of plastic waste in the environment, it is necessary to determine the various ways by which it could be used in construction and geotechnical industries. In this study, the lateritic soil used was taken on the Ibeshe-Ewekoro-Ilaro Formation at Ajegunle, along Papalanto-Ilaro road, Ogun State, Nigeria and the solid plastic wastes were taken from plastic recycling plant at Papalanto, Ogun State, Nigeria. The plastic wastes were cut into pellets passing through 5mm sieve and then substituted for lateritic soil from 0% to 50% at 5% interval for the tests while 0% served as control experiment. The test conducted in line with BS 1377 (1990) on plastic pellet stabilized lateritic soil is falling head permeability. From the results, it was observed that permeability parameters increases as the percentage of plastic pellet substitution increases with interesting increase at above 30% plastic pellet substitution. The use of plastic for in construction industry would reduce the quantities of plastic waste generated, and therefore, environmental risks and hazards caused by plastic wastes would be greatly reduced if not completely eliminated.
39.
Nigeria, Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU
Settlement Potentials and Characteristics of Plastic Pellet Stabilized Sedimentary Formation Journal Article
In: International Journal of Advances in Civil and Infrastructure Engineering, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-4, 2018, ISBN: ISSN: 2550-7192.
@article{IJACIE701001,
title = {Settlement Potentials and Characteristics of Plastic Pellet Stabilized Sedimentary Formation},
author = {Nigeria, Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/IJACIE-18-01-001.pdf},
isbn = {ISSN: 2550-7192},
year = {2018},
date = {2018-11-28},
journal = {International Journal of Advances in Civil and Infrastructure Engineering},
volume = {1},
number = {1},
pages = {1-4},
abstract = {Structure built over a layer of saturated clay will result to consolidation settlement if the water table is lower permanently in a stratum overlaying a clay layer. The time taken for settlement is a factor that can influence the design and construction of civil engineering infrastructures. The coefficient of compressibility is the most suitable of all the consolidation parameters for direct estimation of settlement. In the world today, plastic waste has constituted environmental nuisance most especially in developing nations. Due to non-biodegradable nature of plastic waste, there is need to find alternative use, most especially in construction industry. In this study, the lateritic soil used was taken on the Ibeshe-Ewekoro-Ilaro Formation at Abalabi, along Papalanto-Ilaro road, Ogun State, Nigeria and the solid plastic wastes were taken from plastic recycling plant at Papalanto, Ogun State, Nigeria. The plastic wastes were cut into pellets passing through 5mm sieve and then substituted for lateritic soil from 0% to 50% at 5% interval while 0% plastic pellet substitution served as control experiment. For settlement potentials, 90% consolidation tests conducted on the composite materials of plastic pellet stabilized lateritic soil in line with BS 1377 (1990). From the results, coefficient of volume compressibility (Mv) and oedometer settlement (Soed) increases at certain dosage of plastic pellet increases in the lateritic soil. The use of plastic as lateritic soil stabilizers will reduce the quantity of waste and therefore, environmental risks and hazards caused by plastic waste would be greatly reduced if not completely eliminated.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
Structure built over a layer of saturated clay will result to consolidation settlement if the water table is lower permanently in a stratum overlaying a clay layer. The time taken for settlement is a factor that can influence the design and construction of civil engineering infrastructures. The coefficient of compressibility is the most suitable of all the consolidation parameters for direct estimation of settlement. In the world today, plastic waste has constituted environmental nuisance most especially in developing nations. Due to non-biodegradable nature of plastic waste, there is need to find alternative use, most especially in construction industry. In this study, the lateritic soil used was taken on the Ibeshe-Ewekoro-Ilaro Formation at Abalabi, along Papalanto-Ilaro road, Ogun State, Nigeria and the solid plastic wastes were taken from plastic recycling plant at Papalanto, Ogun State, Nigeria. The plastic wastes were cut into pellets passing through 5mm sieve and then substituted for lateritic soil from 0% to 50% at 5% interval while 0% plastic pellet substitution served as control experiment. For settlement potentials, 90% consolidation tests conducted on the composite materials of plastic pellet stabilized lateritic soil in line with BS 1377 (1990). From the results, coefficient of volume compressibility (Mv) and oedometer settlement (Soed) increases at certain dosage of plastic pellet increases in the lateritic soil. The use of plastic as lateritic soil stabilizers will reduce the quantity of waste and therefore, environmental risks and hazards caused by plastic waste would be greatly reduced if not completely eliminated.
40.
Nigeria, Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU
CBR Strength Characteristics of a Laterite Stabilized with 2% to 10% (Low Dosage) Thermoplastic Journal Article
In: International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-11, 2017, ISSN: ISSN: 2545-5559.
@article{IJAGIE1701001,
title = {CBR Strength Characteristics of a Laterite Stabilized with 2% to 10% (Low Dosage) Thermoplastic},
author = {Nigeria, Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
editor = {Dr. Akinola Johnson OLAREWAJU},
url = {http://perfectengineeringassociates.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/IJAGIE-17-01-001.pdf},
issn = {ISSN: 2545-5559},
year = {2017},
date = {2017-12-12},
journal = {International Journal of Advanced Geotechnic and Impact Engineering},
volume = {1},
number = {1},
pages = {1-11},
abstract = {This study is aimed at investigating the usability of thermoplastic as an alternative for construction materials with a view to reducing environmental hazard caused by plastic waste. The lateritic soil used was taken at Ajegunle, Abalabi (6 53’ 13.758”N, 3 7’ 59.994”E) along Papa-Ilaro road, Ogun State, Nigeria while the solid thermoplastic wastes were taken from plastic recycling plant at Papalanto (6 53’ 26.406”N, 310’ 21.788”E), Ogun state, Nigeria. The quantity of water which was used to obtain optimum moisture content and maximum dry density for lateritic soil (control, 0%) was determined. This water was then used to run CBR (soaked and unsoaked) tests for all thermoplastic substitutions. The thermoplastic waste were grounded into pellets passing through 5mm sieve and then substituted for lateritic soil from 2% to 10% (low dosage) at 2% interval for California Bearing Ration (CBR) test while 0% served as control experiment. The tests conducted in line with BS 1377 (1990) are sieve analysis, plasticity index determination, compaction, soaked and unsoaked CBR. From the results, it was observed that plastic pellet stabilized soil exhibit the same strength characteristic as lateritic soil while CBR value increases as percentage of plastic pellet increases for both soaked and unsoaked from 2% to 10% substitution. Consequently, plastic pellet could be used as a substitute as well as stabilizing agent in lateritic soil for construction material. Therefore, environmental risk and hazard caused by plastic waste could be reduced if not completely eliminated.
Keywords: Thermoplastic, Laterite, Soil, Strength, Plasticity, CBR, Soaked, Unsoaked.},
keywords = {},
pubstate = {published},
tppubtype = {article}
}
This study is aimed at investigating the usability of thermoplastic as an alternative for construction materials with a view to reducing environmental hazard caused by plastic waste. The lateritic soil used was taken at Ajegunle, Abalabi (6 53’ 13.758”N, 3 7’ 59.994”E) along Papa-Ilaro road, Ogun State, Nigeria while the solid thermoplastic wastes were taken from plastic recycling plant at Papalanto (6 53’ 26.406”N, 310’ 21.788”E), Ogun state, Nigeria. The quantity of water which was used to obtain optimum moisture content and maximum dry density for lateritic soil (control, 0%) was determined. This water was then used to run CBR (soaked and unsoaked) tests for all thermoplastic substitutions. The thermoplastic waste were grounded into pellets passing through 5mm sieve and then substituted for lateritic soil from 2% to 10% (low dosage) at 2% interval for California Bearing Ration (CBR) test while 0% served as control experiment. The tests conducted in line with BS 1377 (1990) are sieve analysis, plasticity index determination, compaction, soaked and unsoaked CBR. From the results, it was observed that plastic pellet stabilized soil exhibit the same strength characteristic as lateritic soil while CBR value increases as percentage of plastic pellet increases for both soaked and unsoaked from 2% to 10% substitution. Consequently, plastic pellet could be used as a substitute as well as stabilizing agent in lateritic soil for construction material. Therefore, environmental risk and hazard caused by plastic waste could be reduced if not completely eliminated.
Keywords: Thermoplastic, Laterite, Soil, Strength, Plasticity, CBR, Soaked, Unsoaked.
Keywords: Thermoplastic, Laterite, Soil, Strength, Plasticity, CBR, Soaked, Unsoaked.